A Resource-Based View Of International Human Resources: Toward A Framework of Integrative and Creative Capabilities

Drawing on organizational learning and MNC perspectives, we extend the resource-based view to address how international human resource management provides sustainable competitive advantage. We develop a framework that emphasizes and extends traditional assumptions of the resource-based view by identifying the learning capabilities necessary for a complex and changing global environment. These capabilities address how MNCs might both create new HR practices in response to local environments and integrate existing HR practices from other parts of the firm (affiliates, regional headquarters, and global headquarters). In an effort to understand the nature of such capabilities, we discuss aspects of human capital, social capital, and organizational capital that might be linked to their development. Page

Crystal structure of 3-{(E)-[(3, 4-dichloro-phenyl)imino]methyl}benzene-1, 2-diol

The authors acknowledge the provision of funds for the purchase of diffractometer and encouragement by Dr.Muhammad Akram Chaudhary, Vice Chancellor, University of Sargodha, Pakistan.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

4-(5-Chloro-2-hydroxy­benzyl­idene­amino)-N-(4,6-dimethyl­pyrimidin-2-yl)benzene­sulfonamide

The title compound, C19H17ClN4O3S, is a Schiff base compound of 5-chloro­salicylaldehyde and sulfamethazine [4-amino-N-(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidin­yl)benzene­sulfonamide]. The geometry around the S atom is distorted tetra­hedral, comprising two O atoms of the sulfonyl group, a C atom of a benzene ring and the amino N atom. The title compound has an intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond and two inter­molecular C—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which link neighbouring mol­ecules into 10-membered rings. As a result of an unavoidable conformational arrangement, a slightly short intra­molecular contact of distance 2.59 Å exists between an O atom of the sulfonyl group and an H atom of the sulfamethazine benzene ring

4-[(E)-(5-Chloro-2-hydroxy­benzyl­idene)amino]benzene­sulfonamide

In the mol­ecule of title compound, C13H11ClN2O3S, the aromatic rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 12.27 (3)°. An intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond results in the formation of a planar (mean deviation 0.0083 Å) six-membered ring, which is nearly coplanar with the adjacent ring at a dihedral angle of 2.36 (13)°. In the sulfonamide group, the S atom is 0.457 (3) Å from the plane through the O and N atoms. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules

N-(4-Bromo­benzyl­idene)-3,4-dimethyl­isoxazol-5-amine

In the title compound, C12H11BrN2O, the 4-bromo­benzaldehyde and 5-amino-3,4-dimethyl­isoxazole units are oriented at a dihedral angle of 4.89 (8)°. In the crystal, weak π–π inter­actions are present between the benzene rings at a centroid–centroid distance of 3.7862 (14) Å

An antibody that prevents serpin polymerisation acts by inducing a novel allosteric behavior

Serpins are important regulators of proteolytic pathways with an antiprotease activity that involves a conformational transition from a metastable to a hyperstable state. Certain mutations permit the transition to occur in the absence of a protease; when associated with an intermolecular interaction, this yields linear polymers of hyperstable serpin molecules, which accumulate at the site of synthesis. This is the basis of many pathologies termed the serpinopathies. We have previously identified a monoclonal antibody (mAb4B12) that, in single-chain form, blocks α1-Antitrypsin (α1-AT) polymerisation in cells. Here, we describe the structural basis for this activity. The mAb4B12 epitope was found to encompass residues Glu32, Glu39 and His43 on helix A and Leu306 on helix I. This is not a region typically associated with the serpin mechanism of conformational change, and correspondingly the epitope was present in all tested structural forms of the protein. Antibody binding rendered β-sheet A - on the opposite face of the molecule - more liable to adopt an 'open' state, mediated by changes distal to the breach region and proximal to helix F. The allosteric propagation of induced changes through the molecule was evidenced by an increased rate of peptide incorporation and destabilisation of a preformed serpin-enzyme complex following mAb4B12 binding. These data suggest that prematurely shifting the β-sheet A equilibrium towards the 'open' state out of sequence with other changes suppresses polymer formation. This work identifies a region potentially exploitable for a rational design of ligands that is able to dynamically influence α1-AT polymerisation

Action threshold development in cabbage pest management using synthetic and botanical insecticides

As synthetic insecticides can have environmentally detrimental side effects, it is desirable to limit their use while still achieving good marketable yield. One approach is to apply pesticides only when needed, as determined by an action threshold (AT), defined as the number of pests per crop plant or damage intensity at which application is recommended. Another approach is to adopt alternative pesticides, such as botanical biopesticides, which can also be applied according to ATs. Here, ATs are developed in cabbage pest management using both approaches against the moths Plutella xylostella (L.), Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and Spodoptera litura (F.) and the aphid Brevicoryne brassicae (L.). Action thresholds were derived using fixed spraying regimes for the synthetic insecticides (imidacloprid and Voliam Flexi) and for azadirachtin, a neem-derived botanical. For synthetics, derived ATs are 40 individuals per plant for B. brassicae, 0.3 larvae for P. xylostella and 0.2 medium-sized larvae for H. armigera and for S. litura. For H. armigera and S. litura, negative relationships between marketable yield and pest were found when larvae were medium or large sized, but not when larvae were small. Compared to synthetics, benefits of using neem formulations include higher action thresholds against P. xylostella (0.6/plant) and H. armigera (0.4/plant) and an oviposition deterrent effect against S. litura. Overall, botanical insecticides were effective alternatives to synthetic pesticides. Although regional limits may apply to the accuracy of any ATs derived, the approach used towards their establishment is simple and transferable to other agricultural regions and crops

N-(4-Chloro­benzyl­idene)-3,4-dimethyl­isoxazol-5-amine

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C12H11ClN2O, has E configuration at the azomethine double bond and is virtually planar with a dihedral angle of 1.25 (13)° between the benzene and isoxazole rings. C—H⋯π inter­actions stabilize the crystal structure

4-Chloro-2-[(E)-({4-[N-(3,4-dimethyl­isoxazol-5-yl)sulfamo­yl]phen­yl}iminio)meth­yl]phenolate

The title compound, C18H16ClN3O4S, is a Schiff base ligand in which the H atom of the hydr­oxy group has moved to the N atom of the imine group, resulting in a zwitterion. The structure is stabilized by an intra­molecular (N—H⋯O) and five inter­molecular (C—H⋯O, C—H⋯N and N—H⋯O) hydrogen bonds. The mol­ecules are linked to each other by hydrogen bonds and form a three-dimensional polymeric network. In addition, the aromatic rings are also involved in π–π inter­actions [centroid–centroid distance between aromatic rings = 3.7525 (11) Å]