Integrated approach to radiodiagnosis of follicular thyroid neoplasia: a retrospective cohort trial

Background. An evidence-based diagnostic tactics for follicular thyroid gland neoplasia is lacking to date. First-line priority are radiography diagnostic techniques, which vary in capacities and therefore must be regulated in use.Objectives. An efficacy evaluation of multiparametric ultrasound (US), sonoelastography (SEG) and radionuclide scintigraphy (RS) in diagnosis of follicular thyroid neoplasms (FTN).Methods. Preoperative examination was interpreted in 222 FTN patients (86 with follicular thyroid adenoma, FTA, and 136 with follicular thyroid cancer, FTC) with subsequent surgery. A retrospective statistical data analysis was performed for B-mode US, colour Doppler imaging (CDI), power Doppler imaging (PDI), sonoelastography and Tc-99m pertechnetate scintigraphy.Results. Novel FTN descriptive evidence has been obtained. Particularly, an FTA vs. FTC trait comparison showed no reliable US marker of a node assignment to FTA or FTC. Trials of the national-manufactured TI-RADS system showed its good diagnostic potential: FTN sensitivity 89.55, specificity 77.58 and accuracy 83.52%. A SEG picture of FTN was typically motley-colour and mosaic. Young’s modulus in FTA was 27.5 ± 7.1 kPa, a higher stiffness (62.1 ± 12.1 kPa) in FTC indicated a higher likelihood of malignancy. Scintigraphy exhibited a modest capacity for FTN diagnosis (sensitivity 86.67, specificity 48.08 and accuracy 56.72%). AUC values (0.617) indicate its limited use for differential FTN diagnosis, mainly in hyperfunctioning nodules. Our experience elaborated an original algorithm for radiographic techniques application in FTN diagnosis.Conclusion. Several radiographic methods are warranted in suspected FTN. First-line is multiparametric US B-mode imaging to detect FTN priority markers and US symptom complexes. Sonoelastography is second-line in ambiguous cases to further clarify structure (stiffness) of the thyroid nodule examined. Unlike SEG, scintigraphy assesses the functional traits of thyroid nodule and so has limited indications, an important factor to consider in FTN

The importance of physical activity in the regulation of anti-viral immunity

The paper reviews the current data on the effect and role of varying intensity physical activity in the prevention of various respiratory virus infections, including influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. The paper discusses the effect of varying intensity physical activity on antiviral immunity, cellular and cytokine responses to respiratory virus infections, physical activity influence on vaccination effectiveness and the role of regular moderate intensity physical activity in the prevention of viral infection in patients with obesity, overweight, diabetes and other metabolic disorders. The paper analyzes physical activity role in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as in the conditions of self-isolation and quarantine

Development of Group Subjectivity of Pupils within Collaborative Activities

The article is devoted to the development of group subjectivity in collaborative activities. The concept of "subjectivity" and types of subjectivity are given. The results of experimental study of potential, real, and reflective subjectivity are described. The authors conclude that the development of group subjectivity will contribute to communication and relationships of members of pupils’ groups which are revealed in collaborative activities. When the members of the group participate in the preparation and conducting of collaborative activities actively, they are ready for any difficulties and their overcoming. Success or failure of teammates causes sincere participation of other members of the group (approval, support). They show mutual responsibility for individual and/or group success and failures in the group

Development of Food-Raw-Material-Based Nutrient Media for Submerged Cultivation of Cholera Vibrio Strains

Carried out has been comparative assessment between the performances of liquid nutrient pancreatic fibrin overcook-based and bakery yeast autolyzate-based media and conventionally used in manufacturing of cholera vaccine media for submerged cultivation of Vibrio cholerae 569B and V. cholerae M-41 strains. Results of investigation of media quality biological predictors (morphological and biochemical property stability, efficacy of biomass and protective antigen accumulation), which are fibrin hydrolyzate and bakery yeast autolyzate-based, suggest the possibility of using them for the production of cholera vaccine. Deployment of inedible raw material-based media in manufacturing of cholera vaccine is a prospective technology in view of reduction of medical-prophylactic preparation costs. Moreover it allows for solving the problem of protein waste-product disposal, which is generated in the process of anti-rabies immunoglobulin manufacturing, thus decreasing ecological impact on the environment

Volumetry versus linear diameter lung nodule measurement: an ultra-low-dose computed tomography lung cancer screening study

BACKGROUND: The DutchBelgian Randomized Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NELSON) used a volume-based protocol and significantly reduced the prevalence of false-positive results (2.1%). AIM: To compare the performance of manual linear diameter and semi-automated volumetric nodule measurement in the pilot project Moscow Lung Cancer Screening ultra-low-dose computed tomography pilot study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included individuals with a lung nodule of at least 4 mm on baseline-computed tomography of the Moscow lung cancer screening between February 2017 and February 2018, without verified lung cancer diagnosis until 2020. The radiation dose was selected individually and did not exceed 1 mSv. All scans were assessed by three blinded readers to measure the maximum and minimum transversal nodule diameter and extrapolated volume. As a reference value of size and volume, the average value from the results of expert measurements was obtained. A false-positive nodule was defined as a nodule 6 mm/100 mm3 and a false-negative nodule as a nodule 6 mm/100 mm3. RESULTS: Overall, 293 patients were included (166 men; mean age, 64.6 5.3years); 199 lung nodules were 6 mm/100 mm3 and 94 were 6 mm/100 mm3. Regarding volumetric measurements, 32 [10.9%; 4 false-positive, 28 false-negative], 29 [9.9%; 17 false-positive, 12 false-negative], and 30 [10.2%; 6 false-positive, 24 false-negative] nodule discrepancies were reported by readers 1, 2, and 3 respectively. For linear diameter measurement, 92 [65.5%; 107 false-positive, 85 false-negative], 146 [49.8%; 58 false-positive, 88 false-negative], and 102 [34.8%; 23 false-positive, 79 false-negative] nodule discrepancies were reported by readers 1, 2, and 3 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The use of lung nodule volumetry strongly reduces the number of false-positive and false-negative nodules compared with nodule diameter measurements, in an ultra-low-dose computed tomography lung cancer screening program

Improvement of Technology of Cholera Toxin B-Subunit Production

Consideration is given to implementation of state-of-the-art filtration technologies for up-scaled manufacturing of cholera toxin B-subunit, produced by recombinant Vibrio cholerae non O1 KM93 strain. Selected are micro- and ultra-filtration membranes to be incorporated into manufacturing method. Investigated are the properties of cholera toxin B-subunit, obtained applying the pilot technology. The engineered method for up-scaled manufacturing of cholera toxin B-subunit makes the procedure easier-to-maintain due to tangential micro- and ultra-filtration, performed at the stage of purification and concentration. It excludes labor-consuming chromatographic purification, while retaining B-subunit properties. The studies undertaken make it possible to manufacture cholera toxin B-subunit with the same characteristics as in the case of the pilot technology, but under production conditions, and use it as a component for chemical cholera vaccine

EVALUATION OF VIBRIO CHOLERAE 569B INABA PROTECTIVE ANTIGENES, DERIVED ON INDUSTRIAL AND DEVELOPED BIOREACTORS AS WELL AS BY IMPROVED TECHNOLOGY

We evaluated immunochemical, physical and biochemical properties of Vibrio cholerae 569B INABA protective antigenes, derived on industrial and own-developed bioreactors as well as by technology of its concentration by tangential ultrafiltration. We detected, protease, twinase and. lysophospholipase in all samples. Also, dotimmunoanalysis showed equal concentration, of cholerogen-anatoxine and. O-antigen in all samples too. Using chromatography and. electrophoresis, we found their properties as similar. Thus, we suppose to be possible using developed bioreactor as well as technology of Vibrio cholerae 569B INABA protective antigens concentration by tangential concentration during a process of synthetic oral cholera vaccine production

Properties of Experimental and Standard Preparations of the Protective O Antigen of <I>Vibrio cholerae</I> M41 Ogawa

Investigated are immunochemical, chemical and biochemical properties of the O-antigen preparations obtained from Vibrio cholerae M41 classical biovar, serotype Ogawa strain using standard manufacturing and improved technologies of their concentrating. The preparations have been concentrated by ultrafiltration in the mode of tangential liquid flow with membranes of various cut-off levels for a particular molar weight. ELISA has revealed equal O-antigen load in all of these preparations. Studies of specific fractures by means of chromatographic and electrophoretic methods have demonstrated their properties to be alike. Chemical composition analysis has also identified coincidence in the load of components under specification. Thus, it has been proved that application of the improved V. cholerae protective antigen concentrating technology for manufacturing cholera chemical bivalent palletized vaccine is justified