Expression of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus glycoprotein D in bacterial cell

Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) belongs to the genus of Varicellovirus and the family of Herpesviridae which contains three main gB, gC and gD genes. In order to cloning of the coding region of gD gene of IBR virus , PCR product of the open reading frame of the gene from IBR virus isolated in Iran was amplified by PCR. A 1047bp PCR product of the gD gene with EcoRI, HindIII restriction sites were subcloned of pTZ57R/T and digested by the mentioned endonucleases. Digested insert cloned in to pET-32a and transfered in E.coli cells. For the expression of gD protein, the pET-32a recombinant vector was transformed and then induced in BL21 (DE3) strain of E.coli competent cells using IPTG. The presence of gD expressed protein was shown in immunoblotting and SDS-PAGE system. With respect to the remarkable frequency of infection to IBR in Iran and the necessity of controlling it through vaccination with recombinant vaccines of thymidine kinase, manufacturing and applying the recombinant gD protein are vital goals in recognition and distinction between infection and responsescaused by vaccine

Emergence and Progression of Albuminuria in a Cohort of Egyptian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a 5-year Prospective Study

Introduction: We sought to report the 5-year incidence of proteinuria and risk factors for the progression of diabetic nephropathy in Egyptians with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: Five-hundred and twelve Egyptians with type 2 diabetes were evaluated at baseline and after 5-years of follow-up by a timed urine sample to measure urinary albumin excretion. Baseline evaluation also included a number of potential risk factors of progression of diabetic nephropathy. Results: Patients mean age was 47.5±8.8 years and 47.6% of them were males. Their mean duration of diabetes was 8.9±6.6 years and 44.1% of them were on insulin. At baseline, 62.5% of patients had no proteinuria, 23% had microalbuminuria and 14.5% had overt proteinuria. Among patients that had no albuminuria at baseline, 173/320 still had no albuminuria after 5-years follow up (54.1%), 79/320 developed microalbuminuria (24.7%) and 68/320 developed macroalbuminuria (21.3%). Microalbuminuria progressed to macroalbuminuria in 44/118 patients (37.3%), and 45/512 patients developed end stage renal disease (8.8%). Regression from microalbuminuria to no albuminuria occurred in 49/118 patients (41.5%), regression from overt proteinuria to microalbuminuria occurred in 16/74 patients (21.6%) and regression from overt proteinuria to no albuminuria occurred in 2/74 patients (2.7%). In multivariate analysis, only higher baseline albumin excretion rate (OR 1.4, P < 0.002), higher blood cholesterol levels (OR 2.5, P < 0.02), and depression (2.3,

Design of epitope based vaccine against shrimp white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) by targeting the envelope proteins: An immunoinformatic approach

The shrimp white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) causes significant damage to aquaculture production worldwide but a vaccine, eliciting the immunogenicity of shrimps against WSSV has yet to be developed. Thus, a programmed immunoinformatics study was conducted to find out the potential immunogens based on genome-wide screening of WSSV envelope proteins. The measurements of the phylogenetic and evolutionary distances found the common geographical routes of three countries, where the proteins from other six countries were clustered together. Among all the four major envelope proteins i.e., VP19, VP24, VP26, and VP28; AAO69663.1 from VP26 showed the highest antigenicity and thus selected for further studies. The properties of the secondary and tertiary structure including the modelled 3D protein revealed that the protein had all the properties required for a protective immunogen. The peptide regions ranging from 99 to 115 and 98 to 106, representing the sequences “VTAPRTDPAGTGAENSN” and “TVTAPRTDP” were found to be most effective regions for B-cell linear and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), respectively. The CTL epitope also showed a strong and stable interaction with the MHC class I and class II molecules, reported to be found in fish. Therefore, the present epitope could be used as a potential vaccine candidate against WSSV

Effect of treatment of depression and anxiety on physiological state of severe COPD patients

AbstractBackgroundAnxiety and depression are mental health problems that result in reduced health-related quality of life (HRQL), and increased mortality. Patients with COPD have a higher risk of anxiety and depression compared to healthy individuals. Recent studies reported a significant relationship between the presence of anxiety and depression and the functional status of COPD patients.ObjectivesTo study the effect of treatment of anxiety and depression on the physiological status in COPD patients.Materials and methodsThe study included 50 severe COPD patients with depression and/or anxiety as evaluated and scored by Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating (HAM-A) Scale. They were classified into 2 groups: group I included 25 patients who received antidepressant/anxiolytic therapy in addition to COPD treatment and group II included 25 patients who received COPD treatment only. Modified Borg scale dyspnea score, spirometry (vital capacity, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in first second and forced expiratory flow through 25–75% of expiration), arterial blood, MADRS and HAM-A scale were assessed in all patients at the start of the study and after 3months.ResultsPatients with severe COPD who were treated for depression and/or anxiety showed a significant improvement in MADRS, HAM-A and dyspnea scales, spirometeric parameters and oxygenation. MADRS and HAM-A scale showed a significant negative correlation to FEV1.ConclusionTreatment of depression and anxiety in COPD patients is recommended as it is associated with a significant improvement in pulmonary physiological status and HRQL. Further studies on larger scales are recommended

Effects of essential oils of Satureja bachtiarica and Nigella sativa on the efficacy of lactococcosis vaccine in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Lactococcosis has been defined as acute septicaemia, which causes economic losses in farmed fish, especially in rainbow trout. This study was done to evaluate the effects of the essential oils of Satureja bachtiarica and Nigella sativa on the efficacy of lactococcosis vaccine in rainbow trout. A total number of 270 fishes with a mean weight of 120 g were obtained; they were randomly divided into nine groups, each with three replicates, after two weeks of adaptation. The groups were: no injection group, vaccine only group, DMSO injection group, vaccine with 50, 100, and 200 micrograms Intraperitoneal injection (IP) injection. Two, four, and six weeks after vaccination, serological and haematological parameters were evaluated. In the sixth week, 1.7×10^7 cfu as LD50 96 hrs of Lactococcus garvieae were IP injected and the relative survival percentage was calculated. The results indicated that N. sativa essence is effective on the leukocyte population as the highest number of leukocytes were found in fish receiving high concentration of N. sativa. The relative survival rate of the studied fish decreased with decreasing concentrations of the N. sativa essential oil concentration, with a significant difference with control groups (p<0.05). However, using S. bachtiarica was not significantly effective on the relative survival rate of fish. The results of this study indicated that N. sativa essential oil can be used as adjuvant for L. garvieae vaccine, since it resulted in increasing leukocytes and the relative survival rate although S. bachtiarica was not effective on immune parameters of the studied fish

The characterization of multidrug resistant type 1 S-fimbriated Escherichia coli from women with recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTIS) in Bangladesh

Background: Escherichia coli is a bacterial species that is most frequently associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs) worldwide. Recurrent UTIs (RUTIs) pose a major threat to health, especially in women. However, studies on the pathogenic potentials of E. coli isolates associated with RUTIs has yet to be done. The present study was designed to characterize the isolates of E. coli from women, suffering from repeated UTIs in Bangladesh.Methods: A total of 15 isolates of E. coli, collected from women with RUTIs in the Sylhet city of Bangladesh, were analyzed by a series of biochemical and molecular tests.Results: The PCR amplification of the mannose-resistant type 1 S-fimbriae gene (sfa1) confirmed all sfa1+ isolates of E. coli. In an antibiogram assay, all the isolates of E. coli were found to be completely resistant to at least five of the ten commercial antibiotics and drug resistance were found to be correlated with the weight of the RUTIs patient. Analysis of the 16S rRNA data of the two most drug-resistant and clinically significant isolates were found to be clustered with the drug-resistant UTI-causing E. coli isolates, circulated in India.Conclusions: This study could pave the way of RUTIs diagnosis and treatment strategy for women in Bangladesh.Keywords: RUTIs; E. coli; sfa1; multidrug-resistant isolates; 16S rRNA gene sequencing; correlation analysis