4 research outputs found

    Browsing while reading: effects of instructional design and learners' prior knowledge

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    One of the key reasons that multimedia, and particularly hypertext systems, are gaining in importance is that they inspire hopes of optimizing learners' processes of knowledge construction. The present study is concerned with the respective influence of individual learner variables (i.e. particularly domain‐specific prior knowledge) on the use of different design attributes. Thirty‐six university students worked through a hierarchically structured two‐part hypertext about the psychology of memory under two experimental browsing conditions (reduced versus free browsing). Results show that deeper‐level comprehension (i.e. structural knowledge) was predicted by the interaction of experimental condition and prior knowledge, but that simply retaining facts was not. Participants with low prior knowledge performed better on the comprehension test if they had worked on the version with reduced access. Moreover, the version with reduced access helped to reduce feelings of disorientation. The measure of disorientation also appeared to be closely linked with the individual's computer experience, self‐concept of computer ability and subject‐related interest. The main implications for educational practice relate to the design of an adaptive multimedia and hypertext learning system and the successful learning with it

    Vorwissen und Navigationshilfen beim Hypertextlernen

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    MĂŒller-Kalthoff T. Vorwissen und Navigationshilfen beim Hypertextlernen. PĂ€dagogische Psychologie und Entwicklungspsychologie; 54. MĂŒnster: Waxmann; 2006

    Global and local overviews as structural aids in a hypertext learning environment

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    MĂŒller-Kalthoff T, Möller J, Wild E. Global and local overviews as structural aids in a hypertext learning environment. Bielefeld: UniversitĂ€t Bielefeld; 2007.The present study investigated how different graphical overviews affected learning with hypertexts, given differing levels of learners' prior knowledge, on N = 87 students. Overall, the learners seemed to profit more from global overviews (of the overall structure) than from local overviews (of several substructures). This was true in particular when the subject of investigation were learning outcomes at the macro-level of the text. With low prior knowledge, the learners showed better comprehension when they had access to a graphical summary of content. For learners with high prior knowledge, a more demanding graphical browser type was particularly useful when the text required deeper comprehension at the micro-level.In der vorliegenden Studie zum Lernen mit Hypertexten wurde an N = 87 Studierenden die Eignung unterschiedlicher graphischer Übersichten bei unterschiedlichem Lerner-Vorwissen ĂŒberprĂŒft. Insgesamt scheinen die Lerner mehr von globalen Übersichten (ĂŒber die Gesamtstruktur) als von lokalen Übersichten (ĂŒber mehrere Teilstrukturen) zu profitieren. Dies gilt insbesondere dann, wenn es um die Lernleistung auf der Makroebene des Textes ging. Bei niedrigem Vorwissen der Lernenden resultierten bessere Verstehensleistungen, wenn eine graphische InhaltsĂŒbersicht genutzt werden konnte. FĂŒr Personen mit hohem Vorwissen erwies sich eine anspruchsvollere graphische Browservariante als förderlich, gerade dann, wenn es um das tiefer gehende Verstehen auf der Mikroebene des Textes ging

    Parental support of student learning and the development of learning motivation in mathematics

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    MĂŒller-Kalthoff T, Wild E, Rammert M, Siegmund A, Gerber J. Parental support of student learning and the development of learning motivation in mathematics. Bielefeld: UniversitĂ€t Bielefeld; 2006.Whereas the influence of the school learning environment on students' motivational development has been the subject of much empirical research, the role of the home environment has been somewhat neglected. As part of a longitudinal project initiated to identify opportunities for enhancing self-determined forms of learning motivation at home and in school, this study with a sample of N = 137 students tested how parental support of student learning influences the development of learning motivation in mathematics. At three points of measurement (grades 5, 6, and 7), students were surveyed on four dimensions of their parents' learning-related attitudes and behavior: autonomy support, emotional support, domain-specific structure, and achievement pressure. In addition, their learning motivation was assessed by scales measuring external vs. identified motivation, interest vs. aversion, and willingness to exert effort. Findings confirmed that parental autonomy support and emotional support were conducive to learning, whereas controlling behaviors had dysfunctional effects. Similar - though somewhat weaker - patterns of results emerged from the longitudinal analyses and when mathematics achievement and social background were controlled.Anders als die Rolle der schulischen Lernumwelt wurde die Rolle des Elternhauses fĂŒr die Motivationsentwicklung von SchĂŒlern bisher etwas vernachlĂ€ssigt. Im Rahmen einer lĂ€ngsschnittlich angelegten Studie zur Förderung selbst bestimmter Formen der Lernmotivation in Elternhaus und Schule wurde an N = 137 SchĂŒlern ĂŒberprĂŒft, wie sich das elterliche Instruktionsverhalten auf die Entwicklung der Lernmotivation im Fach Mathematik auswirkt. Dazu wurden die SchĂŒler zu drei Messzeitpunkten (in der 5., 6. und 7. Klasse) bezĂŒglich verschiedener Einstellungs- und Verhaltensmuster ihrer Eltern befragt, die sich den vier Dimensionen AutonomieunterstĂŒtzung, emotionale UnterstĂŒtzung, bereichsspezifische Struktur und leistungsorientierter Druck zuordnen lassen. Die Lernmotivation der SchĂŒler wurde ĂŒber Skalen zur externalen vs. identifizierten Motivation, zu Interesse vs. Abneigung und zur Anstrengungsbereitschaft erfasst. Zusammenfassend stĂŒtzen die Ergebnisse die Vorteile einer elterlichen Autonomie- und emotionalen UnterstĂŒtzung und weisen ein kontrollierendes Instruktionsverhalten der Eltern als dysfunktional aus. Dies gilt - etwas abgeschwĂ€cht - selbst im LĂ€ngsschnitt und bei Kontrolle der LeistungsfĂ€higkeit und der sozialen Herkunft der SchĂŒler
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