19 research outputs found
Intelligente Videoüberwachung: eine Handreichung
6
MuViT ist ein von Mai 2010 bis September 2013 vom Bundesministerium für Bildung
und Forschung im Rahmen des Programms für zivile Sicherheitsforschung für drei
Jahre gefördertes Verbundprojekt. Ziel dieses Verbundes war es, mehrere technische
Projekte beim Prozess der Entwicklung von Mustererkennungs- oder Video Tracking-
Techniken zu begleiten. MuViT war an vier Universitäten beheimatet und integriert
Perspektiven aus der Sozialpsychologie, Soziologie, Ethik und Rechtswissenschaft
BGH, Urteil vom 16.2.2016 – VI ZR 441/14 – Zu Verschwiegenheitspflicht bzw. Zeugnisverweigerungsrecht des von der BaFin beauftragten Wirtschaftsprüfers im Schadensersatzprozess des geschädigten Anlegers [Urteilsanmerkung]
Origen, metodologia popular de denuncia y practicas antropológicas del sur
El trabajo se centra en la dimensión epistemológica de reflexión sobre la modernidad/colonialidad y la genealogía del racismo, la dimensión ontológica en la medida del cuestionamiento de la colonialidad del saber en la antropología, así como la aplicación de la metodología popular de denuncia, durante el proceso de acompañamiento de la lucha de la Comunidad Ñhätho de San Francisco Xochicuautla, Lerma, Estado de México
Characterizing Active Ingredients of eHealth Interventions Targeting Persons With Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Using the Behavior Change Techniques Taxonomy: Scoping Review
BACKGROUND: The behavior change technique taxonomy v1 (BCTTv1; Michie and colleagues, 2013) is a comprehensive tool to characterize active ingredients of interventions and includes 93 labels that are hierarchically clustered into 16 hierarchical clusters.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify the active ingredients in electronic health (eHealth) interventions targeting patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and relevant outcomes.
METHODS: We conducted a scoping review using the BCTTv1. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), studies with or pre-post-test designs, and quasi-experimental studies examining efficacy and effectiveness of eHealth interventions for disease management or the promotion of relevant health behaviors were identified by searching PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO. Reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts for eligibility using predetermined eligibility criteria. Data were extracted following a data extraction sheet. The BCTTv1 was used to characterize active ingredients of the interventions reported in the included studies.
RESULTS: Of the 1404 unique records screened, 32 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and reported results on the efficacy and or or effectiveness of interventions. Of the included 32 studies, 18 (56%) were Web-based interventions delivered via personal digital assistant (PDA), tablet, computer, and/or mobile phones; 7 (22%) were telehealth interventions delivered via landline; 6 (19%) made use of text messaging (short service message, SMS); and 1 employed videoconferencing (3%). Of the 16 hierarchical clusters of the BCTTv1, 11 were identified in interventions included in this review. Of the 93 individual behavior change techniques (BCTs), 31 were identified as active ingredients of the interventions. The most common BCTs identified were instruction on how to perform behavior, adding objects to the environment, information about health consequences, self-monitoring of the outcomes and/or and prefers to be explicit to avoid ambiguity. Response: Checked and avoided of a certain behavior Author: Please note that the journal discourages the use of parenthesis to denote either and/or and prefers to be explicit to avoid ambiguity. Response: Checked and avoided “and/or” and prefers to be explicit to avoid ambiguity. Response: Checked and avoided, and feedback on outcomes of behavior.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the majority of BCTs employed in interventions targeting persons with T2DM revolve around the promotion of self-regulatory behavior to manage the disease or to assist patients in performing health behaviors necessary to prevent further complications of the disease. Detailed reporting of the BCTs included in interventions targeting this population may facilitate the replication and further investigation of such interventions
Evaluation of the implementation of selected nutrition guidelines at daycare facilities in Bremen
One of the main carriers for daycare facilities in Bremen funded the development of a nutrition concept for children under the age of three years which was subsequently implemented at 67 daycare facilities. The objectives of this evaluation were to a) examine the implementation of selected quality standards regarding nutrition in this setting and b) to compare the implementation of quality standards at daycare facilities by catering system (‘cook and serve’ vs. ‘external catering’). The evaluation included a survey of kitchen and/or facility managers and the assessment of 54 submitted meal plans. Twenty-six daycare facilities that accepted children from the age of 8 weeks on stated that nutrition with breast milk was possible at their facility. Twenty-two of these facilities reported that they partially or entirely considered recommendations from the nutrition concept when selecting convenience products as supplementary food. The “Bremen Checklist” was implemented in more than 80% of the examined 54 meal plans. The results indicate that the nutritional quality is similar across the different daycare facilities of the carrier. The results of the evaluation also provide important information for future implementation of the nutrition concept at daycare facilities
Effectiveness of eHealth interventions for the promotion of physical activity in older adults: a systematic review protocol
BACKGROUND: It is known that regular physical activity (PA) is associated with improvements in physical, psychological, cognitive, and functional health outcomes. The World Health Organization recommends 150 min of moderate exercise per week for older adults to achieve these health benefits. However, only 20–60 % of adults aged 60 years and above currently meet these recommendations for exercise. The widespread use of the internet and mobile phones among older adults may open new opportunities to promote PA in this population. Findings of previous reviews suggest that eHealth interventions are effective in promoting PA in adults of various ages. However, to date, none of these reviews have provided a differentiated picture of engagement in such interventions and effects on PA among older adults. Also, we are unaware of any studies comparing effects of participation in eHealth vs. traditional paper-and-pencil interventions on PA in this population. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to compare the effectiveness of eHealth interventions promoting PA in older adults aged 55 years and above with either a non-eHealth PA intervention or a group that is not exposed to any intervention. METHODS: Eight electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, CENTRAL, PEI, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and OpenGrey) will be searched to identify experimental and quasi-experimental studies examining the effectiveness of eHealth interventions for PA promotion in adults aged 55 years and above. Two authors will independently select and review references, extract data, and assess the quality of the included studies by using the Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool. Disagreements between authors will be resolved by discussion involving a third author. If feasible, a meta-analysis will be conducted. Narrative synthesis using harvest plots will be performed, should a meta-analysis not be feasible. DISCUSSION: The proposed systematic review will be the first review that compares the effectiveness of eHealth interventions promoting PA in older adults aged 55 years and above with control groups exposed to a non-eHealth intervention or to no intervention. The results of this review will provide new information regarding the question whether eHealth interventions are an effective intervention vehicle for PA promotion in this population
Identifying Evidence-Informed Physical Activity Apps: Content Analysis
BACKGROUND: Regular moderate to vigorous physical activity is essential for maintaining health and preventing the onset of chronic diseases. Both global rates of smartphone ownership and the market for physical activity and fitness apps have grown rapidly in recent years. The use of physical activity and fitness apps may assist the general population in reaching evidence-based physical activity recommendations. However, it remains unclear whether there are evidence-informed physical activity apps and whether behavior change techniques (BCTs) previously identified as effective for physical activity promotion are used in these apps. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify English and German evidence-informed physical activity apps and BCT employment in those apps. METHODS: We identified apps in a systematic search using 25 predefined search terms in the Google Play Store. Two reviewers independently screened the descriptions of apps and screenshots applying predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Apps were included if (1) their description contained information about physical activity promotion; (2) they were in English or German; (3) physical activity recommendations of the World Health Organization or the American College of Sports Medicine were mentioned; and (4) any kind of objective physical activity measurement was included. Two researchers downloaded and tested apps matching the inclusion criteria for 2 weeks and coded their content using the Behavioral Change Technique Taxonomy v1 (BCTTv1). RESULTS: The initial screening in the Google Play Store yielded 6018 apps, 4108 of which were not focused on physical activity and were not in German or English. The descriptions of 1216 apps were further screened for eligibility. Duplicate apps and light versions (n=694) and those with no objective measurement of physical activity, requiring additional equipment, or not outlining any physical activity guideline in their description (n=1184) were excluded. Of the remaining 32 apps, 4 were no longer available at the time of the download. Hence, 28 apps were downloaded and tested; of these apps, 14 did not contain any physical activity guideline as an app feature, despite mentioning it in the description, 5 had technical problems, and 3 did not provide objective physical activity measurement. Thus, 6 were included in the final analyses. Of 93 individual BCTs of the BCTTv1, on average, 9 (SD 5) were identified in these apps. Of 16 hierarchical clusters, on average, 5 (SD 3) were addressed. Only BCTs of the 2 hierarchical clusters “goals and planning” and “feedback and monitoring” were identified in all apps. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the availability of several thousand physical activity and fitness apps for Android platforms, very few addressed evidence-based physical activity guidelines and provided objective physical activity measurement. Furthermore, available descriptions did not accurately reflect the app content and only a few evidence-informed physical activity apps incorporated several BCTs. Future apps should address evidence-based physical activity guidelines and a greater scope of BCTs to further increase their potential impact for physical activity promotion
Effectiveness of eHealth interventions for the promotion of physical activity in older adults: A systematic review
Regular physical activity (PA) is central to healthy ageing. However, only a minority of older adults currently meet the WHO-recommended PA levels. The aim of this systematic review is to compare the effectiveness of eHealth interventions promoting PA in older adults aged 55 years and above with either no intervention or a non-eHealth intervention (review registration: PROSPERO CRD42015023875). Eight electronic databases were searched to identify experimental and quasi-experimental studies examining the effectiveness of eHealth interventions for PA promotion in adults aged 55 years and above. Two authors independently selected and reviewed references, extracted data, and assessed study quality. In the search, 5771 records were retrieved, 20 studies met all inclusion criteria. Studies varied greatly in intervention mode, content, duration and assessed outcomes. Study quality ranged from poor to moderate. All interventions comprised tailored PA advice and the majority of interventions included goal setting and feedback, as well as PA tracking. Participation in eHealth interventions to promote PA led to increased levels of PA in adults aged 55 years and above when compared to no intervention control groups, at least in the short term. However, the results were inconclusive regarding the question of whether eHealth interventions have a greater impact on PA behavior among older adults than non-eHealth interventions (e.g., print interventions). eHealth interventions can effectively promote PA in older adults aged 55 years and above in the short-term, while evidence regarding long-term effects and the added benefit of eHealth compared to non-eHealth intervention components is still lacking
Aβ misfolding in blood plasma is inversely associated with body mass index even in middle adulthood
Background!#!To understand the potential for early intervention and prevention measures in Alzheimer's disease, the association between risk factors and early pathological change needs to be assessed. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine whether risk factors of Alzheimer's clinical syndrome (clinical AD), such as body mass index (BMI), are associated with Aβ misfolding in blood, a strong risk marker for AD among older adults.!##!Methods!#!Information on risk factors and blood samples were collected at baseline in the ESTHER study, a population-based cohort study of older adults (age 50-75 years) in Germany. Aβ misfolding in blood plasma was analyzed using an immuno-infrared-sensor in a total of 872 participants in a nested case-control design among incident dementia cases and matched controls. Associations between risk factors and Aβ misfolding were assessed by multiple logistic regression. For comparison, the association between the risk factors and AD incidence during 17 years of follow-up was investigated in parallel among 5987 cohort participants.!##!Results!#!An inverse association with Aβ misfolding was seen for BMI at age 50 based on reported weight history (aOR 0.64, 95% CI 0.43-0.96, p = 0.03). Similar but not statistically significant associations were seen for BMI at baseline (i.e., mean age 68) and at age 40. No statistically significant associations with Aβ misfolding were found for other risk factors, such as diabetes, smoking, and physical activity. On the other hand, low physical activity was associated with a significantly reduced risk of developing clinical AD compared to physical inactivity.!##!Conclusions!#!Our results support that AD pathology may be detectable and associated with reduced weight even in middle adulthood, many years before clinical diagnosis of AD. Physical activity might reduce the risk of onset of AD symptoms