Proposing A Supply Chain Analytics Reference Model As Performance Enabler

Nowadays firms have to react quickly to changing markets creating a need for accurate forecasts of demand and supply. In a data-rich environment as it is within the field of supply chain management, much information needs to be stored, processed, and transformed for decision making. To deal with the increasing amounts of data, firms must be aware of chances in supply chain management such as supply chain analytic capabilities to stay agile, flexible, and make use of (complex) data. Supply chain analytics can predict patterns and trends, even in high velocity markets in real-time supporting decision making by using supply chain analytic tools based on data. The benefits of successfully implementing supply chain analytic processes are enormous and result in competitive advantages for companies such as lowering costs while increasing revenues. As many companies fail to apply supply chain analytic processes and tools, this paper examines the challenges, benefits, and factors for the introduction of supply chain analytics using the input-output model

"... nur ein Suchen nach Anerkennung": Prozesse des Aufbaus rechtsextremer Haltungen im Kontext sozialer Erfahrungen

'Im starken Kontrast zur Eindeutigkeit der Bilder, die vom gewaltförmig auftretenden und mehrheitlich von Jugendlichen getragenen Rechtsextremismus vorliegen, steht das geringe Wissen über die Prozesse der Annäherung an rechtsextreme Orientierungen und Szenegruppierungen. Wie sich solche Haltungen biographisch aufbauen und welche Zusammenhänge dabei mit Sozialisationserfahrungen und jugendkulturellen Präferenzen bestehen, ist weitgehend unklar. In Bezug auf Skinheads - eine Gruppe, die bis heute wie keine andere den Typus des rechtsextremen Jugendlichen illustriert und symbolisiert, zeichnet der folgende Artikel auf der Basis neuer empirischer Daten verschiedene Muster von Hinwendungen nach und stellt die Ergebnisse in den Kontext des Integrations-/ Desintegrations-Ansatzes.' (Autorenreferat)'In sharp contrast to the uniformity of the images of violent right-wing youth in Germany very little is known about processes of adaptation to right-wing orientations and groups. It is largely unknown how these orientations are built in biographical contexts and how they are connected to experiences of socialisation. On the base of empirical data this article shows for the group of skinheads - the type of group mostly symbolising and illustrating right-wing youth in Germany - different patterns of developments to right-wing orientations and discusses the results in the context of the integration/ disintegration approach.' (author's abstract)

The Simulated Classroom Biology—A simulated classroom environment for capturing the action‐oriented professional knowledge of pre‐service teachers about evolution

Background: The professional knowledge of pre-service teachers is highly important for effective and successful teaching. In recent years, many research groups have been engaged in developing simulated classroom environments to capture especially the pedagogical knowledge (PK) of pre-service teachers, neglecting the content-related facets of professional knowledge such as pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). Objectives: In the present study, we describe the development of a simulated class- room environment — the Simulated Classroom Biology (SCR Bio) — and provide evidence regarding its validity to assess pre-service biology teachers' action-oriented PCK in the area of evolution. Methods: This study examined the evidence supporting the validity of using the SCR Bio to investigate action-oriented PCK of pre-service biology teachers. The (1) evidence based on test content (expert ratings) and the (2) evidence based on relation to other variables (known-groups comparison) was obtained. We tested the SCR Bio with N = 76 German pre-service biology teachers. Results and Conclusions: Our results show the successfully operationalized PCK in the SCR Bio through explicit allocation of specific misconceptions to each virtual student's answer and the valid measurement of pre-service biology teachers' action-oriented PCK. This results in a validated simulated classroom environment for pre-service but also in-service teachers. In the future, the SCR Bio will be developed from an assessment instrument to a training tool to simulate explicit teaching situations. This allows to complement the predominantly theoretical components of university-based teacher education with practice-based simulated classroom environments

Dimension Formulae and Generalised Deep Holes of the Leech Lattice Vertex Operator Algebra

We prove a dimension formula for the weight-1 subspace of a vertex operator algebra $V^{\operatorname{orb}(g)}$ obtained by orbifolding a strongly rational, holomorphic vertex operator algebra $V$ of central charge 24 with a finite-order automorphism $g$. Based on an upper bound derived from this formula we introduce the notion of a generalised deep hole in $\operatorname{Aut}(V)$. Then we show that the orbifold construction defines a bijection between the generalised deep holes of the Leech lattice vertex operator algebra $V_\Lambda$ with non-trivial fixed-point Lie subalgebra and the strongly rational, holomorphic vertex operator algebras of central charge 24 with non-vanishing weight-1 space. This provides the first uniform construction of these vertex operator algebras and naturally generalises the correspondence between the deep holes of the Leech lattice $\Lambda$ and the 23 Niemeier lattices with non-vanishing root system found by Conway, Parker and Sloane.Comment: 47 pages, LaTeX; main result (now Theorem 6.7) considerably strengthened, numbering change

Don't Just Judge the Spelling! The Influence of Spelling on Assessing Second-Language Student Essays

When judging subject-specific aspects of students’ texts, teachers should assess various characteristics, e.g., spelling and content, independently of one another since these characteristics are indicators of different skills. Independent judgments enable teachers to adapt their classroom instruction according to students’ skills. It is still unclear how well teachers meet this challenge and which intervention could be helpful to them. In Study 1, N = 51 pre-service teachers assessed four authentic English as a Second Language (ESL) essays with different overall text qualities and different qualities of spelling using holistic and analytic rating scales. Results showed a negative influence of the experimentally manipulated spelling errors on the judgment of almost all textual characteristics. In Study 2, an experimental prompt was used to reduce this judgment error. Participants who were made aware of the judgment error caused by spelling errors formed their judgments in a less biased way, indicating a reduction of bias. The determinants of the observed effects and their practical implications are discussed

InterroLang: Exploring NLP Models and Datasets through Dialogue-based Explanations

While recently developed NLP explainability methods let us open the black box in various ways (Madsen et al., 2022), a missing ingredient in this endeavor is an interactive tool offering a conversational interface. Such a dialogue system can help users explore datasets and models with explanations in a contextualized manner, e.g. via clarification or follow-up questions, and through a natural language interface. We adapt the conversational explanation framework TalkToModel (Slack et al., 2022) to the NLP domain, add new NLP-specific operations such as free-text rationalization, and illustrate its generalizability on three NLP tasks (dialogue act classification, question answering, hate speech detection). To recognize user queries for explanations, we evaluate fine-tuned and few-shot prompting models and implement a novel Adapter-based approach. We then conduct two user studies on (1) the perceived correctness and helpfulness of the dialogues, and (2) the simulatability, i.e. how objectively helpful dialogical explanations are for humans in figuring out the model's predicted label when it's not shown. We found rationalization and feature attribution were helpful in explaining the model behavior. Moreover, users could more reliably predict the model outcome based on an explanation dialogue rather than one-off explanations.Comment: EMNLP 2023 Findings. Camera-ready versio

Categorization of simulated diagnostic situations and the salience of diagnostic information

Simulated diagnostic situations function as learning environments and research tools to deepen the understanding of diagnostic processes. In this conceptual paper, we present a framework that fulfils two purposes. First, we categorize simulations of diagnostic situations using six descriptive components: physical environment, social embeddedness, diagnostic tasks, activities, information, and decisions. Second, we discriminate the salience of diagnostic information into four facets: access, prominence, simplicity, and clarity. These facets determine the likelihood that participants in a simulation will perceive and process relevant diagnostic information toward correct or accurate diagnostic decisions. We use one simulation to explain these components and facets in more detail. With this systematic conceptualization, we intend to deepen the understanding of how and why simulations work in creating authentic diagnostic situations, measuring diagnostic competencies, and providing learning environments for the facilitation of these competencies in higher education