INCORPORAÇÃO DE RESÍDUO DE QUARTZITOS EM CERÂMICA VERMELHA

A incorporação de resíduos industriais em cerâmica vermelha vem sendo muito utilizada atualmente na busca de matérias-primas alternativas, e também buscando uma destinação ambientalmente correta aos resíduos. Durante os processos de beneficiamento das rochas ornamentais, há perdas significativas de material e geração de resíduos, os quais muitas vezes são dispostos de forma inadequada na natureza, sem previsão de utilização ou reuso. A indústria de extração e beneficiamento de quartzito do município de Várzea, região de Seridó, na Paraíba, gera cerca de 20 mil kg de resíduos por dia. O quartzito é classificado geologicamente como uma rocha metamórfica, composto quase que inteiramente de grãos de quartzo. O objetivo desse trabalho é caracterizar e avaliar os efeitos da incorporação do resíduo de quartzito em cerâmica vermelha. Foram estudadas incorporações de até 40% em peso de resíduo em massa cerâmica, preparados corpos de prova retangulares por prensagem uniaxial a 20 MPa e queimados a 800ºC. A caracterização das matérias primas foi realizada por meio de análise química por fluorescência de raios-X e análise de fases cristalinas por difração de raios-X. As propriedades físicas e mecânicas determinadas de interesse para a cerâmica vermelha foram: densidade aparente, absorção de água, retração linear e tensão de ruptura à flexão. A microestrutura foi avaliada por microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os resultados indicaram que o resíduo de quartzito é um material com potencial para ser utilizado como componente na massa de cerâmica vermelha

INCORPORAÇÃO DE RESÍDUO DE QUARTZITOS EM CERÂMICA VERMELHA

A incorporação de resíduos industriais em cerâmica vermelha vem sendo muito utilizada atualmente na busca de matérias-primas alternativas, e também buscando uma destinação ambientalmente correta aos resíduos. Durante os processos de beneficiamento das rochas ornamentais, há perdas significativas de material e geração de resíduos, os quais muitas vezes são dispostos de forma inadequada na natureza, sem previsão de utilização ou reuso. A indústria de extração e beneficiamento de quartzito do município de Várzea, região de Seridó, na Paraíba, gera cerca de 20 mil kg de resíduos por dia. O quartzito é classificado geologicamente como uma rocha metamórfica, composto quase que inteiramente de grãos de quartzo. O objetivo desse trabalho é caracterizar e avaliar os efeitos da incorporação do resíduo de quartzito em cerâmica vermelha. Foram estudadas incorporações de até 40% em peso de resíduo em massa cerâmica, preparados corpos de prova retangulares por prensagem uniaxial a 20 MPa e queimados a 800ºC. A caracterização das matérias primas foi realizada por meio de análise química por fluorescência de raios-X e análise de fases cristalinas por difração de raios-X. As propriedades físicas e mecânicas determinadas de interesse para a cerâmica vermelha foram: densidade aparente, absorção de água, retração linear e tensão de ruptura à flexão. A microestrutura foi avaliada por microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os resultados indicaram que o resíduo de quartzito é um material com potencial para ser utilizado como componente na massa de cerâmica vermelha

Comparative analysis of the technological properties of natural and agglomerated stones in epoxy matrix

Brazil occupies a prominent position among the countries that produce the most ornamental stones in the world, with emphasis on the state of Espírito Santo. However, despite this success in production, the sector faces a considerable challenge in relation to waste generation. The objective of this study was to produce and evaluate the technological properties of an agglomerated stone using 87 wt% waste from the processing of Branco Fortaleza stone in a matrix with 13 wt% epoxy resin, using the vacuum vibro-thermo-compression process. The waste was characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The stones were subjected to evaluation of density, apparent porosity, water absorption, abrasion resistance test, staining, chemical attack, 3-point flexural strength and microstructural analysis (SEM). The results showed a density of 2.26 ± 0.02 g/cm3, water absorption of 0.24 ± 0.01%, apparent porosity of 0.55 ± 0.03%, abrasion resistance test of 1.38 mm and flexural strength of 30.13 ± 1.74 MPa. The results compared with the literature reveal a material with technical feasibility to be used as a coating in the construction sector, presenting high mechanical resistance, good interfacial adhesion, application on high traffic floors, as well as environments subject to liquid penetration such as sinks, floors and countertops. Using this waste to manufacturing new materials, such as agglomerated stones, can not only help reduce dependence on raw materials, but also play an important role in minimizing the environmental impact associated with the extraction and processing of natural stones

Red Ceramics Produced with Primary Processing Fine Waste of Ornamental Stones According to the Circular Economy Model

The ornamental stone industry is growing and has a large production in Brazil, mainly in Espírito Santo, where the largest production in the country is concentrated. Brazil is part of the group of countries that produce the most ornamental stones in the world; however, the generation of waste in this sector is very large. These ornamental stone wastes when used for the manufacture of new materials, such as red ceramics, contribute to the reduction in the raw material clay and to the reduction in the environmental impact. The objective of this work was to incorporate fine wastes from the processing of ornamental stones called FIBRO in red ceramics and later, to contribute to the standardization of the use of these wastes in the ceramic industry, contributing to the manufacture of more economical and sustainable products. Wastes were incorporated in the proportion of 0 to 50% by mass that were prepared by extrusion and fired at 900 °C, 950 °C, and 1000 °C. After firing, the physical and mechanical properties of the ceramic material were evaluated. Specific mass apparent, water absorption, porosity, and flexural strength by three points tests were carried out. The results showed that from 30% at the lowest temperature, tile is already fabricated within the values stipulated by the standards, thus saving energy. The analyzed waste is a material with excellent chemical characteristics to be used in the ceramic mass, in addition to having improved the technological properties of the material, such as less water absorption and greater flexural strength

Incorporation of Ornamental Stone Waste in the Manufacturing of Red Ceramics

Brazil is one of the largest producers of ornamental stones in the world. The state of Espírito Santo has considerable social and economic relevance in the production of ornamental stones, particularly in exportation and the jobs that are directly related to this industry. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the effect of the incorporation of ornamental stone waste on the physical and mechanical properties of red ceramic manufactured using clays and waste from the state of Espírito Santo, and to collaborate to regulate the use of this ornamental stone waste in the ceramic industry when manufacturing products. Ornamental stone wastes were incorporated into the ceramic mass in the following proportions: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% by weight. In the elaborated compositions, specimens were prepared by extrusion and were fired at 1050 °C and 1100 °C. After firing, the physical and mechanical properties of the material were analyzed using density, water absorption, porosity, linear shrinkage and mechanical strength. The results indicated an improvement in the properties of the ceramics with the addition of the waste by mass for the two temperatures. Therefore, the lower temperature (1050 °C) can be used to sinter the materials produced whilst obtaining satisfactory results and saving electrical energy. Ornamental stone waste has very promising applications in the ceramic industry

Comparison between Synthetic and Biodegradable Polymer Matrices on the Development of Quartzite Waste-Based Artificial Stone

The development of artificial stone from the agglutination of polymeric resin using industrial wastes can be a viable alternative from a technical, economic, and sustainable point of view. The main objective of the present work was to evaluate the physical, mechanical, and structural properties of artificial stones based on quartzite waste added into a synthetic, epoxy, or biodegradable polyurethane polymer matrix. Artificial stone plates were produced through the vacuum vibration and compression method, using 85 wt% of quartzite waste. The material was manufactured under the following conditions: 3 MPa compaction pressure and 90 and 80 °C curing temperature. The samples were characterized to evaluate physical and mechanical parameters and microstructure properties. As a result, the artificial stone plates developed obtained ≤0.16% water absorption, ≤0.38% porosity, and 26.96 and 10.7 MPa flexural strength (epoxy and polyurethane resin, respectively). A wear test established both artificial quartzite stone with epoxy resin (AS-EP) and vegetable polyurethane resin (AS-PU) high traffic materials. Hard body impact resistance classified AS-EP as a low height material and AS-PU as a very high height material. The petrographic slides analysis revealed that AS-EP has the best load distribution. We concluded the feasibility of manufacturing artificial stone, which would minimize the environmental impacts that would be caused by this waste disposal. We concluded that the production of artificial rock shows the potential and that it also helps to reduce environmental impacts

Comparison between Synthetic and Biodegradable Polymer Matrices on the Development of Quartzite Waste-Based Artificial Stone

The development of artificial stone from the agglutination of polymeric resin using industrial wastes can be a viable alternative from a technical, economic, and sustainable point of view. The main objective of the present work was to evaluate the physical, mechanical, and structural properties of artificial stones based on quartzite waste added into a synthetic, epoxy, or biodegradable polyurethane polymer matrix. Artificial stone plates were produced through the vacuum vibration and compression method, using 85 wt% of quartzite waste. The material was manufactured under the following conditions: 3 MPa compaction pressure and 90 and 80 °C curing temperature. The samples were characterized to evaluate physical and mechanical parameters and microstructure properties. As a result, the artificial stone plates developed obtained ≤0.16% water absorption, ≤0.38% porosity, and 26.96 and 10.7 MPa flexural strength (epoxy and polyurethane resin, respectively). A wear test established both artificial quartzite stone with epoxy resin (AS-EP) and vegetable polyurethane resin (AS-PU) high traffic materials. Hard body impact resistance classified AS-EP as a low height material and AS-PU as a very high height material. The petrographic slides analysis revealed that AS-EP has the best load distribution. We concluded the feasibility of manufacturing artificial stone, which would minimize the environmental impacts that would be caused by this waste disposal. We concluded that the production of artificial rock shows the potential and that it also helps to reduce environmental impacts