7 research outputs found
Imagerie médicale des restes humains anciens
Lâimagerie mĂ©dicale est un moyen important dâĂ©tude des restes humains anciens, reposant en grande partie sur la radiographie et le scanner. Si leur utilisation se dĂ©mocratise, ces techniques nĂ©cessitent cependant des connaissances spĂ©cifiques pour ĂȘtre efficaces, toujours dans un cadre multidisciplinaire.Depending largely on X-rays and computed tomography, medical imaging is an important means of studying ancient human remains. While their use is becoming more widespread, these techniques nevertheless require specific knowledge in order to be efficient, always within a multidisciplinary framework
RedĂ©couvrir les momies humaines : donnĂ©es inĂ©dites sur la momie « chachapoya » exposĂ©e au MusĂ©e de lâHomme
International audienceVestige Ă la fois biologique, archĂ©ologique et ethnographique, la momie se situe Ă lâinterface dâenjeux pluridisciplinaires et suppose lâemploi dâoutils et techniques adaptĂ©s. En prĂ©sentant les travaux menĂ©s sur la momie « chachapoya », figure emblĂ©matique du MusĂ©e de lâHomme, ce chapitre illustre les moyens mis en Ćuvre pour lâĂ©tude des restes humains momifiĂ©s des collections anthropologiques du MusĂ©um. Ă lâissu dâun bref rappel historique (origine chrono-culturelle de la momie, contexte de dĂ©couverte, entrĂ©e dans les collections, jusquâĂ son actuelle exposition), le chapitre livre pour la premiĂšre fois un bilan ostĂ©o-biographique illustrĂ© de la momie, obtenu au moyen dâanalyses variĂ©es : exploration bio-mĂ©dicale (autopsie virtuelle par imagerie scanner), expĂ©rimentation comparative (trĂ©panation crĂąnienne), et Ă©tude archĂ©o-entomologique
RedĂ©couvrir les momies humaines : donnĂ©es inĂ©dites sur la momie « chachapoya » exposĂ©e au MusĂ©e de lâHomme
International audienceVestige Ă la fois biologique, archĂ©ologique et ethnographique, la momie se situe Ă lâinterface dâenjeux pluridisciplinaires et suppose lâemploi dâoutils et techniques adaptĂ©s. En prĂ©sentant les travaux menĂ©s sur la momie « chachapoya », figure emblĂ©matique du MusĂ©e de lâHomme, ce chapitre illustre les moyens mis en Ćuvre pour lâĂ©tude des restes humains momifiĂ©s des collections anthropologiques du MusĂ©um. Ă lâissu dâun bref rappel historique (origine chrono-culturelle de la momie, contexte de dĂ©couverte, entrĂ©e dans les collections, jusquâĂ son actuelle exposition), le chapitre livre pour la premiĂšre fois un bilan ostĂ©o-biographique illustrĂ© de la momie, obtenu au moyen dâanalyses variĂ©es : exploration bio-mĂ©dicale (autopsie virtuelle par imagerie scanner), expĂ©rimentation comparative (trĂ©panation crĂąnienne), et Ă©tude archĂ©o-entomologique
End-to-end multimodal 3D imaging and machine learning workflow for non-destructive phenotyping of grapevine trunk internal structure
Abstract Quantifying healthy and degraded inner tissues in plants is of great interest in agronomy, for example, to assess plant health and quality and monitor physiological traits or diseases. However, detecting functional and degraded plant tissues in-vivo without harming the plant is extremely challenging. New solutions are needed in ligneous and perennial species, for which the sustainability of plantations is crucial. To tackle this challenge, we developed a novel approach based on multimodal 3D imaging and artificial intelligence-based image processing that allowed a non-destructive diagnosis of inner tissues in living plants. The method was successfully applied to the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Vineyardâs sustainability is threatened by trunk diseases, while the sanitary status of vines cannot be ascertained without injuring the plants. By combining MRI and X-ray CT 3D imaging with an automatic voxel classification, we could discriminate intact, degraded, and white rot tissues with a mean global accuracy of over 91%. Each imaging modality contribution to tissue detection was evaluated, and we identified quantitative structural and physiological markers characterizing wood degradation steps. The combined study of inner tissue distribution versus external foliar symptom history demonstrated that white rot and intact tissue contents are key-measurements in evaluating vinesâ sanitary status. We finally proposed a model for an accurate trunk disease diagnosis in grapevine. This work opens new routes for precision agriculture and in-situ monitoring of tissue quality and plant health across plant species