Lymph node dissection for gastric cancer: a critical review

Gastric cancer is one of the most common neoplasms and an important cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Efforts to reduce its high mortality rates are currently focused on multidisciplinary management. However, surgery remains a cornerstone in the management of patients with resectable disease. There is still some controversy as to the extent of lymph node dissection for potentially curable stomach cancer. Surgeons in eastern countries favor more extensive lymph node dissection, whereas those in the West favor less extensive dissection. Thus, extent of lymph node dissection remains one of the most hotly discussed aspects of gastric surgery, particularly because most stomach cancers are now often comprehensively treated by adding some perioperative chemotherapy or chemo-radiation. We provide a critical review of lymph nodes dissection for gastric cancer with a particular focus on its benefits in a multimodal approach

A PHASE II TRIAL EXPLORING THE EXTENSIVE INTRA-OPERATIVE PERITONEAL LAVAGE (EIPL) AS A PROPHYLACTIC STRATEGY FOR PERITONEAL RECURRENCE IN LOCALLY ADVANCED GASTRIC CANCER: reporting postoperative morbidity and mortality after early closure

Background The Extensive Intraoperative Peritoneal Lavage (EIPL) has been proposed as a practical prophylactic strategy to decrease the risk of peritoneal metastasis in gastric cancer. Objective To explore the safety and efficacy of the EIPL in our locally advanced gastric cancer patients. Methods This study is an open-label, double-center, single-arm phase II clinical trial developed at two tertiary hospitals from Recife (Pernambuco, Brazil). Results The study protocol was prematurely closed due to slow accrual after only 16 patients had been recruited to participate. Eight of them were excluded of the protocol study during the laparotomy, whereas four cases were also excluded from the per-protocol analysis. Two patients had died in hospital before 30 days and six were alive with no evidence of cancer relapses after a follow-up ranging from five to 14,2 months (median of 10.6 months). In the intention-to-treat analysis, three of eight patients suffered of gastrointestinal leakages and two of them had died. On a per-protocol basis, two of four patients presented this type of postoperative complication and one of them had died. All deaths occurred as a somewhat consequence of gastrointestinal leakages. Conclusion We could not make any conclusion about the safety and efficacy of the EIPL, but the possibility of this approach might increase the rate of gastrointestinal leakage is highlighted

FUCA2 and TSTA3 expression in gastric cancer: candidate biomarkers of malignant transformation

Introduction. Aberrant fucosylation is closely related to malignant transformation, cancer detection, and evaluation of treatment efficacy. The fucosylation process requires GDP-L-fucose, fucosyltransferases, and fucosidases. In gastric cancer (GC), fucosylation alterations were associated with tumor formation, metastasis inhibition, and multi-drug resistance. It is not clear whether tissue-specific transplantation antigen P35B (TSTA3) and alpha-L-fucosidase 2 (FUCA2) have any effect on the development of GC. Materials and methods. We used immunohistochemistry to assess the expression of TSTA3 and FUCA2 in 71 gastric adenocarcinoma samples and their relationship with clinicopathological parameters. Results. TSTA3 expression was associated with lower histological grade I and II (P = 0.0120) and intestinal type Lauren classification (P = 0.0120). TSTA3 immunopositivity could predict Lauren’s classification. Analysis of mRNA expression in GC validation cohorts corroborates the significant TSTA3 association with histological grade observed in our study. However, no associations were found between TSTA3 staining and overall survival. FUCA2 expression was markedly increased in GC tissues compared with non-tumoral tissues (P < 0.0001) and was associated with surgical staging III and IV (P = 0.0417) and advanced histological grade tumor states (P = 0.0125). Conclusions. Alterations of FUCA2 and TSAT3 immunoexpression could lay the basis for future studies using cell glycosylation as a biomarker for the planning of therapeutic strategy in primary gastric cancer

Electron and photon reconstruction and identification with the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC

CERN for the benefit of the CMS collaboration: et al. The performance is presented of the reconstruction and identification algorithms for electrons and photons with the CMS experiment at the LHC. The reported results are based on proton-proton collision data collected at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and recorded in 2016–2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 136 fb^-1. Results obtained from lead-lead collision data collected at √(sNN)=5.02 TeV are also presented. Innovative techniques are used to reconstruct the electron and photon signals in the detector and to optimize the energy resolution. Events with electrons and photons in the final state are used to measure the energy resolution and energy scale uncertainty in the recorded events. The measured energy resolution for electrons produced in Z boson decays in proton-proton collision data ranges from 2 to 5%, depending on electron pseudorapidity and energy loss through bremsstrahlung in the detector material. The energy scale in the same range of energies is measured with an uncertainty smaller than 0.1 (0.3)% in the barrel (endcap) region in proton-proton collisions and better than 1 (3)% in the barrel (endcap) region in heavy ion collisions. The timing resolution for electrons from Z boson decays with the full 2016–2018 proton-proton collision data set is measured to be 200 ps. Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, contract Nos. 675440, 724704, 752730, and 765710 (European Union); the Programa de Excelencia María de Maeztu, and the Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias Peer reviewe