Caracterização de Diaporthe citri em diferentes meios de cultura, condições de temperatura e luminosidade

Estudou-se o crescimento micelial de dez isolados de Diaporthe citri, utilizando-se seis meios de cultura (aveia-ágar, maltose-peptona-ágar, batata-dextrose-ágar, folha de laranja-dextrose-ágar, folha de limão-dextrose-ágar, milho-ágar) à temperatura de 22 ± 2 °C e fotoperíodo de 12 h claro/12 h escuro. O cultivo em meio de batata-dextrose-ágar (BDA) foi conduzido em cinco temperaturas diferentes (10, 15, 20, 25 e 30 °C). Três diferentes regimes de luminosidade (12 h claro/12 h escuro, claro contínuo, escuro contínuo) foram utilizados para verificar o crescimento do fungo. Foram observadas variações na produção de picnídios e de massa micelial nos diferentes meios de cultura, temperaturas e regimes de luminosidade testados, sendo que, para a maioria dos isolados, o meio de cultura de aveia-ágar, a faixa de 20 a 25 °C e o regime de claro contínuo induziram maior crescimento micelial. A produção de picnídios foi maior para o regime de luz contínua. O teste de patogenicidade foi feito por inoculação de discos de micélio de 5 mm de diâmetro em ferimentos em ramos e caule de limão 'Feminelo' (Citrus limon) enxertado em citrumelo 'Swingle'(Poncirus trifoliolata x Citrus paradisi) e plantas de limão 'Cravo' (C. limonia) enxertados com laranja 'Valência' (C. sinensis). Após sete dias, houve o aparecimento de exsudação de goma nas plantas inoculadas com os isolados, mas não na testemunha. Todos os isolados mostraram-se patogênicos, sendo os isolados PC2 e PC5, os que causaram comprimento de lesão maior nas plantas.The mycelial growth of ten Diaporthe citri isolates was studied comparing six culture media (oatmeal-agar, malt-peptone-agar, potato-dextrose-agar, orange leaf-dextrose-agar, lemon leaf-dextrose-agar, corn-agar) under 22 ± 2 °C and 12 h light/12 h dark. The evaluation of the mycelial growth of the fungi was also compared under five different temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 °C) and three different luminosity conditions (12 h light/12 h dark, continuous light and continuous dark) on potato-dextrose-agar media (PDA). Variations in pycnidial and mycelial mass production were observed in the different media, temperature and luminosity conditions tested. For most isolates, oatmeal-agar, 20-25 °C and continuous light promoted best sporulation. The pycnidial production was greater under continuous light. The pathogenicity test was made by inoculating mycelial discs of 5 mm on sores made in twigs and stem of citrus (Citrus spp.) cultivars. After seven days, gum exudation was observed in plants that were inoculated with the isolates, but not on control. All isolates were pathogenic, but PC2 and PC5 caused bigger lesions in plants

Canola response to nitrogen sources and split application

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to evaluate the response of the canola crop to nitrogen (N) sources and split application. The experiment was carried out in two agricultural years (2009 and 2010), at the experimental unit of the Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná - PUCPR, Campus of Toledo. A completely randomized design in 5 x 2 factorial scheme was adopted in the experiment. The treatments consisted of five split applications of N at sowing and/or as top dressing (0 and 0, 120 and 0, 0 and 120, 40 and 80, 80 and 40 kg of N ha-1) and two N sources (ammonium sulfate and urea), with four replicates. The canola genotype Hyola 61 was used in the experiment, which was evaluated for plant height, number of plants m-2, shoot dry matter, leaf area, mass of seedpods plant-1, thousand-grain weight, yield and the contents of protein and oil in the grains. The results show that the variables were not influenced by the evaluated sources of N fertilization, but were significantly influenced by the split application of N, with the highest results obtained for the application of 1/3 at sowing and 2/3 as top-dressing (40 and 80 kg ha-1 of N)