SOLID DISPERSION TECHNIQUE TO ENHANCE THE SOLUBILITY AND DISSOLUTION RATE OF ARIPIPRAZOLE BY FUSION METHOD

Objective: The objective of the present study was to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of Aripiprazole (APZ), a water insoluble drug, by a solid dispersion technique.Methods: Solid dispersions (SD) of APZ were prepared by fusion method using water-soluble carriers like, polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG 4000), Croscarmellose sodium (CCS) and Crospovidone (CP) and were characterized by in-vitro dissolution, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies.Results: PEG 4000 physical mixtures containing APZ, showed enhanced dissolution rate as compared with pure drug. Binary solid dispersions showed an improvement in the dissolution rate when compared to the physical mixtures (PM) and pure drug. From ternary solid dispersions with CCS, formulation code SD9 showed 88.2% and with CP, formulation code SD15 showed 70.9%, whereas pure drug showed 18.8 % drug release at the end of 60 min. Based on the in-vitro dissolution studies of solid dispersions, the SD9 was selected to prepare tablets. From the dissolution studies of tablets, the formulation 4F3 showed rapid dissolution than other formulations and pure drug. FTIR, DSC studies suggesting that there was no physical and chemical interaction in between APZ and carriers.Conclusion: Hence, it can be concluded that ternary solid dispersions in association with super disintegrants were more effective to increase the dissolution rate of low soluble drug than solid binary dispersions, physical mixtures, and pure drug.Â

Intravenous labetalol vs. oral nifedipine in control of hypertensive emergencies in severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia: a randomized control trial

Background: Pre-eclampsia is a disorder peculiar to human pregnancy and accounts for a considerable proportion of both maternal and perinatal deaths. This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of labetalol versus nifedepine in the treatment of hypertensive crisis, maternal and fetal outcomes and also prevention of further complications in patients admitted to department of OBG, VIMS, Ballari.Methods: Total 100 women with severe preeclampsia and eclampsia who were admitted in the labour room at the Vijayanagar institute of medical sciences, Ballari over a period ranging from April 2013 to September 2014 who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in this Open Label, prospective, randomized study. Patients were allocated into two groups; group A and group B and managed with Intravenous labetalol and oral nifedipine respectively after proper history, examination and investigations.Results: We found that less number of doses were required to achieve target blood pressure in labetalol group (2.4±0.99) compared to nifedipine group patients who required more number of doses. (2.56±0.84) Even with fixed dose regimen (VIMS Regimen) of labetalol, our study showed more rapid decrease in blood pressure to target level with labetalol group (36±14.85 min) compared to nifedipine group (68.1±27.64 min) which was statistically significant (p=0.000).Conclusions: The goal of treatment is to maintain BP at a level that minimizes maternal cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk. Labetalol is better than nifedipine in the management of hypertensive crisis in severe preeclampsia and eclampsia

Effect of nicotine exposure during pregnancy on birth weight among beedi rolling women

Background: Exposure to nicotine can lead to increased morbidity and mortality among fetus and mothers. The objective was to study the effect of nicotine exposure on the birth weight of the babies.Methods: During the study period of one year, it was possible to recruit the total 144 subjects. 36 were women who were exposed to nicotine as they were bidi rollers. The exposure was confirmed by history. 36 women delivered during the study period and these newborns were included in the present study. Control group were 36 pregnant women who were not exposed to nicotine. They were asked about the exposure history, like anyone in their family is smoking inside the house any time and their occupation. Among these all (36) delivered during the study period and their newborns were included in the present study.Results: Both the groups were comparable in terms of age, hemoglobin, body mass index, gestational age. The mean birth weight of babies in the control group (whose mothers were not exposed) was 3.01kg with a standard deviation of 0.56 compared to mean birth weight of babies in the study group (whose mothers were not exposed) of 2.73kg with a standard deviation of 0.40. This difference in the mean birth weight of babies in the study group and the control group was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). The mean serum cotinine value in study group mothers and babies was very high compared to zero value in mothers and babies of control group and statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusions: Maternal nicotine exposure through beedi rolling is associated with reduced birth weight

Apparel design for zero waste: Exploring aesthetic preferences and purchase intentions as a function of zero waste design typicality and zero waste concept

This study investigated the individual and interaction effects of typicality and the ZW design concept on the aesthetic preference and purchase intentions for ZW designed apparel, providing critical insights for ZW designers to better understand consumer preferences. The study employed a 2 x 2 x 2 mixed factorial experimental design. A total of 152 participants completed the online survey. Participants preferred typical ZW dresses (long and short) aesthetically over atypical dresses. Further, the ZW design concept did not make a difference to this typicality-based preference or purchase intention for ZW dresses. Purchase intentions for typical ZW long dresses were greater than atypical. The main take-away for designers of ZW apparel is the critical role that typicality plays in consumer\u27s aesthetic preferences and purchase intentions for ZW apparel

Comparison of serum iron, TIBC, transferrin saturation and serum ferritin in anemia of chronic renal diseases

Background: In patients with CKD and diabetes combined, anemia may be relative or absolute. If the serum ferritin is more than or equal to 100ng/ml associated with reduced iron saturation, then it is defined as functional iron deficiency anemia. This type of anemia is very common in patients with CKD. To compare serum iron, TIBC, transferrin saturation and serum ferritin in anemia of chronic renal diseases with healthy controls.Methods: A hospital based comparative study was carried out among 30 known cases of chronic kidney disease with anemia. They were compared with 20 age and sex matched healthy control who were free from chronic kidney disease and anemia. The parameters like serum iron, TIBC, transferrin saturation and serum ferritin were compared between the two groups. Student’s t test and a two tailed p value were calculated and if the p value was less than 0.05, it was taken as statistically significant.Results: It was seen that the mean hemoglobin value was significantly less among CKD patients compared to healthy controls (p<0.05). Serum iron was also significantly less among CKD patients compared to healthy controls (p<0.05). TIBC as significantly high among CKD patients compared to healthy controls (p<0.05). This is because of low hemoglobin and low serum iron in CKD patients but again the transferrin saturation was significantly low among CKD patients compared to healthy controls (p<0.05).Conclusions: Anemia prevalence was very high in CKD patients. Hemoglobin, serum iron and transferrin saturation were significantly low and TIBC was significantly high

Denoising using Self Adaptive Radial Basis Function

This paper presents an adaptive form of the Radial basis function neural network to correct the noisy image in a unified way without estimating the existing noise model in the image. Proposed method needs a single noisy image to train the adaptive radial basis function network to learn the correction of the noisy image. The gaussian kernel function is applied to reconstruct the local disturbance appeared because of the noise. The proposed adaptiveness in the radial basis function network is compared with the fixed form of spreadness and the center value of kernel function. The proposed solution can correct the image suffered from different varieties of noises like speckle noise, Gaussian noise, salt &amp; pepper noise separately or combination of noises. Various standard test images are considered for test purpose with different levels of noise density and performance of proposed algorithm is compared with adaptive wiener filter

An essential GT motif in the lamin A promoter mediates activation by CREB-binding protein

Lamin A is an important component of nuclear architecture in mammalian cells. Mutations in the human lamin A gene lead to highly degenerative disorders that affect specific tissues. In studies directed towards understanding the mode of regulation of the lamin A promoter, we have identified an essential GT motif at -55 position by reporter gene assays and mutational analysis. Binding of this sequence to Sp transcription factors has been observed in electrophoretic mobility shift assays and by chromatin immunoprecipitation studies. Further functional analysis by co-expression of recombinant proteins and ChIP assays has shown an important regulatory role for CREB-binding protein in promoter activation, which is mediated by the GT motif