Urinary Peptide Levels in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

Introduction: Peptide levels in urine are found to be decreased in renal failure. In the current study urinary peptide levels were determined in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients. Method: 86 CRF patients and 80 healthy controls were selected for the study. Urinary proteins and peptide levels were determined by spectrophotometer based Lowry and Bradford methods. Urinary creatinine levels were determined by clinical chemistry analyzer. Results: There was significant decrease in urinary peptide levels in CRF patients and Urinary % peptides were significantly decreased in CRF patients as compared to healthy controls. Urinary % peptides correlated negatively with proteinuria. Conclusion: we have found decrease in urinary peptides and % urinary peptides in CRF patients and possibly measurement of % urinary peptides may possibly serve as better indicator in early detection of impairment in renal function

Secure Cluster-based Routing using TCSA and Hybrid Security Algorithm for WSN

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is operated as a medium to connect the physical and information network of Internet-of-Things (IoT). Energy and trust are two key factors that assist reliable communication over the WSN-IoT. Secure data transmission is considered a challenging task during multipath routing over the WSN-IoT. To address the aforementioned issue, secure routing is developed over the WSN-IoT. In this paper, the Trust-based Crow Search Algorithm (TCSA) is developed to identify the Secure Cluster Heads (SCHs) and secure paths over the network. Further, data security while broadcasting the data packets is enhanced by developing the Hybrid Security Algorithm (HSA). This HSA is a combination of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and Hill Cipher Algorithm (HCA). Therefore, the developed TCSA-HSA avoids malicious nodes during communication which helps to improve data delivery and energy consumption. The performance of the TCSA-HSA method is analyzed using Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Packet Loss Ratio (PLR), energy consumption, End to End Delay (EED), and throughput. The existing methods namely Optimal Privacy-Multihop Dynamic Clustering Routing Protocol (OP-MDCRP) and Secure and Energy-aware Heuristic-based Routing (SEHR) are used to evaluate the TCSA-HSA performances. The PDR of TCSA-HSA for 100 nodes is 99.7449%, which is high when compared to the OP-MDCRP and SEHR

Spatial heterogeneity in the radiogenic activity of the lunar interior: Inferences from CHACE and LLRI on Chandrayaan-1

In the past, clues on the potential radiogenic activity of the lunar interior have been obtained from the isotopic composition of noble gases like Argon. Excess Argon (40) relative to Argon (36), as compared to the solar wind composition, is generally ascribed to the radiogenic activity of the lunar interior. Almost all the previous estimates were based on, 'on-the-spot' measurements from the landing sites. Relative concentration of the isotopes of 40Ar and 36Ar along a meridian by the Chandra's Altitudinal Composition Explorer (CHACE) experiment, on the Moon Impact Probe (MIP) of India's first mission to Moon, has independently yielded clues on the possible spatial heterogeneity in the radiogenic activity of the lunar interior in addition to providing indicative 'antiquity' of the lunar surface along the ground track over the near side of the moon. These results are shown to broadly corroborate the independent topography measurements by the Lunar Laser Ranging Instrument (LLRI) in the main orbiter Chandrayaan-1. The unique combination of these experiments provided high spatial resolution data while indicating the possible close linkages between the lunar interior and the lunar ambience