A comparative analysis of informed consent legislation in Ukrainian and Latvian legislation and case law

CC BYInformed consent is one of the key principles in safeguarding human rights in the sphere of healthcare. It presupposes the expression of the patient’s free will relating to his medical examinations, treatment and diagnostic procedures, as well as the physician’s duty to inform the patient on the forthcoming medical interventions, including the facts regarding the potential risks of these medical interventions. This principle is one of the elements of contemporary medical law, which has marked the transfer from paternalistic medicine to a modern model of medicine, where the patient is an active participant in the process of medical treatment. In this paper, the authors illustrate the legal aspects of safeguarding the patient’s right to informed consent in the legislation and legal practices of Ukraine and the Republic of Latvia. The institute of informed consent, which needs to be safeguarded, as a key element of the legitimacy of a medical intervention (such as surgery, or vaccination), requires a specific form of fulfillment, which is conducted in writing. A medical intervention, excluding cases of emergency, is legitimate only when the consent of the patient is provided; unconsented medical interventions frequently cause lawsuits, where plaintiffs seek to recover damages for performance of a medical intervention without their informed consent. The authors have highlighted these issues while commenting on the recent case law of the Supreme Court of Ukraine and the Supreme Court of the Republic of Latvia

Innovations as a Source of Economic Growth of the Modern World Economic System

The article is aimed at researching the impact of innovations on economic development, taking into consideration the transformational processes taking place in the modern world economic system, namely, the transition from the industrial to the information society. Features of the circulation of capital in the information society are considered. On the basis of theoretical analysis, indicators for assessing the impact of innovations have been selected. The indicators have been formed into groups that characterize such factors of production as: «labor force», «information and knowledge», «capital», as well as economic results and social effects from innovation process. It is determined that the «information and knowledge» factor has a significant impact on economic growth, and, besides, the result of innovation process can be various social effects. The results of the analysis will form the basis for further research on the impact of innovations on development of the world economic system

ZASTOSOWANIE METOD BAYESOWSKICH DO MODELOWANIA ROZWOJU FARMAKOOPORNOŚCI U PACJENTÓW

In this paper, we propose a methodology for using static Bayesian networks (BN) in modeling the development of pharmacoresistance in patients with a diagnosis of epilepsy. Methods for constructing the structure of a static BN, their parametric training, validation, sensitivity analysis and “What-if” scenario analysis are considered. The model was designed in collaboration with expert doctors, as well as expert pharmacologists in the selection and quantification of input and output variables.W niniejszej pracy zaproponowano metodologię wykorzystania statycznych sieci bayesowskich (BN) w modelowaniu rozwoju farmakooporności u pacjentów z rozpoznaniem padaczki. Rozważane są metody konstruowania struktury statycznej BN, jej parametrycznego treningu, walidacji, analizy wrażliwości i analizy scenariuszy "co-jeśli". Model został zaprojektowany we współpracy z ekspertami – lekarzami, a także ekspertami – farmakologami w zakresie doboru i kwantyfikacji zmiennych wejściowych i wyjściowych