Prevalence of geriatric syndromes in frail patients and mortality risks

The prevalence of older people in Russian population increases rapidly. Therefore, the concept of healthy aging is becoming crucial in Russia and all over the world, and thus disability prevention is one aspect of this issue.AimTo assess a possible association between geriatric syndromes, comorbidities, and mortality rate among frail patients who receive home medical care in Moscow.Materials and methodsThe study included 450 patients with home medical care provided by the State Budgetary Healthcare Institution “Diagnostic Center No. 3 of the Moscow Health Department” from June 2019 to April 2021. Physical health, functional, cognitive, social and emotional statuses were evaluated by comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA). The mortality rate after 1 year was assessed.ResultsThe all-cause case mortality rate in patients during the observation period was 22.4%. There was no difference in age and comorbidities in survivors and deceased patients, but the latter group had more geriatric syndromes. The association between risks of mortality and anemia and some geriatric syndromes, such as malnutrition and hearing impairment, total dependence (Barthel index less than 60) was observed

Sintering and physico-mechanical properties of materials based on silicon nitride nanoscale powders

Obtained a high-density material (ρ = 3,28 g/cm3, a porosity of 1,4 %) on the basis of silicon nitride powder by liquid phase sintering nanoscale. Displaying pressing pressure on the density of sintered materials the based silicon nitride. The process of pattern formation material during sintering. The main physico-mechanical characteristics: the density, porosity and grain size of the solid phase, the modulus of elasticity, flexural strength, fracture toughness ratio, Vickers hardnes

Imbalance of NK cell subpopulations and polymorphisms of proinflammatory cytokine genes in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis

Understanding the pathogenetic mechanism of development and identifying trigger markers of the disease will significantly increase the efficiency of pre-nosological diagnosis and medical follow-up of patients. In this case, one should take into account the role of mutations in cytokine genes, which affect their biochemical activity and production level. The objective of the study was to investigate the role of mediators of acute and chronic inflammation (IL-17A, IL-1â, TNFá and IL-4), the ratio of natural killer cell subpopulations (CD56hiCD16-/CD56loCD16+) in pathogenesis of coronary atherosclerosis resulting into coronary heart disease.To analyze the results, an integrated approach was used, including molecular genetic methods such as polymerase chain reaction, typing of single-nucleotide substitutions in cytokine genes, isolation and cultivation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, assessment of spontaneous and in vitro-induced production of immune system mediators, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, cytotoxic test, flow cytometry with monoclonal antibodies (Beckman Coulter, USA) to CD16, CD56 NK markers.The study included 130 residents of the North Caucasus, including the patients (n = 62) treated at the Cardiology Department of the Adyghe Republican Clinical Hospital (ARCB) with a verified diagnosis of ischemic heart disease (IHD), and a control group (n = 68), represented by unrelated healthy donors.Overexpression of cytokines in IHD patients was associated with distinct single nucleotide substitutions in certain genes. Studying a group of residents from the Republic of Adygeya, the authors experimentally established that harboring the 511C allele of the IL-1â gene (p < 0.0004; OR = 4.67), A197A of the IL-17A gene genotype (p < 0.04; OR = 3.88), G308 SNP of TNFá gene (p < 0.01; OR = 3.41), and 589T variant of IL-4 gene (p < 0.04; OR = 2.45) are associated with hyperproduction of the first-wave inflammatory mediators that increase the risk of developing ischemic heart disease. In atherosclerosis and associated cardiovascular diseases, we have noted a significant decrease in spontaneous and induced activity of natural killer cells involved in the utilization of “foamy cells”. The NK activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cell in patients with coronary heart disease is significantly reduced. In the IHD patients, an imbalance of phenotypically and functionally different CD56hiCD16-/CD56loCD16+ NK subpopulations with a predominance of CD56hiCD16- phenotype were revealed. Conclusions: Immuno-inflammatory mechanisms of evolving coronary atherosclerosis are associated with single-nucleotide substitutions, i.e., polymorphisms in the promoter regions of the IL-17A (G197A), IL-1 â (T511C), and TNFá (G308A), the known mediators of acute and chronic inflammation.Genetically determined overexpression of IL-17A, IL-1â, and TNFá, confirmed in experiments on evaluation of spontaneous and stimulated cytokine production in patients with CHD, together with reduced NK activity of РВМС, due to predominance of CD56hiCD16-, a subpopulation with high cytokine production, manifested by an increased pro-inflammatory component that triggers and provides long-term support to pathophysiological processes of atherosclerosis

Cognitive status in older patients with limited mobility as a predictor of negative outcome

Background. Cognitive impairment (CI) is one of the important disability factors in the elderly. The role of CI in prognosis of the frailest patients with limited mobility is uncertain.The aim. To determine the influence of the initial cognitive status in the group of patronage patients aged 60 years and older on the risk of mortality within one year.Materials and methods. Study group consisted of 450 patients from patronage group with one-year period of observation (from July 2019 till July 2020). Initial physical, functional, neuropsychiatriac and social statuses were evaluated by comprehensive geriatric assessment. Cognitive impairment was screened by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), with dividing patients into dementia group (MMSE ≤ 24) and no-dementia group (MMSE > 24). The mortality rate after one year was assessed.Results. Of the 450 patients included in the study, dementia was present in 44.2 %. Patients with dementia were more prone to greater severity of chronic pain, sleep disturbances, depression, malnutrition and anemia. After one year of observation 34 out of 196 patients (17.3 %) in the group of patients with dementia and 18 out of 248 patients (7.3 %; p = 0.002) in the no-dementia group died. According to multivariate analysis, independent risk factors for death in patients with dementia were anemia, hearing impairment and a history of bone fractures.Conclusion. Thus, the assessment of the cognitive status of frail patients with limited mobility is important for the purpose of identifying the most vulnerable individuals with a high risk of adverse outcomes

RADIATION-OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF RARE-EARTH ION DOPED ALYMINIUM OXYNITRIDE

Pulsed cathodoluminescence and X-ray luminescence spectra of Al50 6N:Ce3+ and A1506N:Eu2+ have been investigated. The concentration dependencies of luminescence intensity have been measured and discussed.Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Минобрнауки РФ (стипендия Президента РФ - 2015) и УрФУ (грант молодым ученым - кандидатам наук)

NEW OPTICAL MATERIALS BASED ON ALUMINUM OXYNITRIDE

Aluminum oxynitride is a promising compound for creating optical ceramics for designing phosphors, LED components and radiation detectors. Our research is focused on luminescent properties of Ce- and Eu-doped aluminum oxynitride Al5O6N

PHOTOLUMINESCENCE OF ALUMINUM OXYNITRIDE Al5O6N DOPED WITH RARE-EARTH IONS

Photoluminescence (PL) spectra and pulsed PL decay curves of aluminum oxynitride Al5O6N (ALON) doped with Ce3+ and Eu2+ ions were measured. In PL spectra broad bands with maximum at 380 nm (ALON:Ce) and 500 nm (ALON: Eu) related to d-f transitions in rare-earth ions are observed. Pulsed PL decay curves approximated with exponential expression with one component (ALON:Ce) and two components (ALON: Eu), de-cay times is 24 ns and 313 ns, 1025 ns respectively.Работа выполнена при поддержке Российского Фонда Фундаментальных Исследований (проект РФФИ № 17-03-00630_а)

CATHODOLUMINESCENCE OF ALUMINUM OXYNITRIDE Al5O6N WITH DOUBLE DOPING BY RARE-EARTHED IONS

Pulsed cathodoluminescence of aluminum oxynitride Al5O6N doped with Er3+, Ho3+ and Ho3+, Tm3+ ions has been measured. The narrow lines registered at 460, 480 and 663 nm are related to 1D2→3F4, 1G4→3H4 transitions in Tm3+ ion and 5F5→6I8 transition in Ho3+ ion.Работа выполнена при поддержке Российского Фонда Фундаментальных Исследований (проект РФФИ № 17-03-00630_а)

THERMOLUMINESCENT DETECTOR BASED ON ALUMINUM OXYNITRIDE Al5O6N:Ce3+

The new working medium for thermoluminescent dosimetry based on Сe-doped aluminum oxynitride has been proposed. It has a number of advantages for radiation monitoring due to low temperature of main dosimetric peak, high luminescence quantum yield and upper limit of linear dose dependence range at 60 Gy