Treatment of Chemical Dependency May Reduce Medical Utilization and Costs

Summarizes a study of the impact of chemical dependency treatment on the costs and utilization of medical services -- hospital days, emergency department visits, and outpatient visits. Points to lack of insurance as a barrier to treatment

The Ursinus Weekly, January 23, 1903

An Epistle of Karshish : Its spiritual significance • Lesson from the life of Mirabeau • Mid year examination schedule • Alumni notes • Athletic Association • Society notes • Monday Night Club • Pupils\u27 recital • Audubon science meetshttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/3071/thumbnail.jp

A Theory of Legal Strategy

By the conventional view, case outcomes are largely the product of courts\u27 application of law to facts. Even when courts do not generate outcomes in this manner, prevailing legal theory casts them as the arbiters of those outcomes. In a competing strategic view, lawyers and parties construct legal outcomes in what amounts to a contest of skill. Though the latter view better explains the process, no theory has yet been propounded as to how lawyers can replace judges as arbiters. This article propounds such a theory. It classifies legal strategies into three types: those that require willing acceptance by judges, those that constrain the actions of judges, and those that entirely deprive judges of control. Strategies that depend upon the persuasion of judges are explained through a conception of law in which cases and statutes are almost wholly indeterminate and strategists infuse meaning into these empty rules in the process of argumentation. Such meaning derives from social norms, patterns of outcomes, local practices and understandings, informal rules of factual inference, systems imperatives, community expectations, and so-called public policies. Constraint strategies operate through case selection, record-making, legal planning, or media pressure. Strategists deprive judges of control by forum shopping, by preventing cases from reaching decision, or by causing them to be decided on issues other than the merits. The theory presented explains how superior lawyering can determine outcomes, why local legal cultures exist, how resources confer advantages in litigation, and one of the means by which law evolves