Criminal Policy on the Implementation of Penalties for Combating Sexual Violence in the Indonesian Criminal Law System

Sexual violence is a prevalent issue in various societies, transcending time and space, affecting environments such as family, education, community, professional, and social settings. The threat to vulnerable individuals, especially women, induces a universal sense of fear. Violence against women is not limited to physical acts or threats but also includes psychological and social harm. This study employs a legal sociology approach, a legislative approach, and a conceptual approach, with a descriptive research specification aimed at obtaining a complete picture or description of the prevailing legal conditions in a particular place, the existing legal phenomena, or specific legal events occurring in society. The primary data used in this research is obtained directly from informants or resource persons. Additionally, secondary data is used, consisting of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials, collected through literature studies as supporting data that provide explanations for the primary data. Data collection techniques include interviews and document studies, analyzed qualitatively. Historically, criminal policy concerning sexual violence within the Indonesian criminal law system has existed since Indonesia's independence and continues to this day. However, addressing the legal substance is not sufficient; its implementation requires strengthening the legal structure and legal cultur

Approaches to Statistical Efficiency when comparing the embedded adaptive interventions in a SMART

Sequential, multiple assignment randomized trials (SMARTs), which assist in the optimization of adaptive interventions, are growing in popularity in education and behavioral sciences. This is unsurprising, as adaptive interventions reflect the sequential, tailored nature of learning in a classroom or school. Nonetheless, as is true elsewhere in education research, observed effect sizes in education-based SMARTs are frequently small. As a consequence, statistical efficiency is of paramount importance in their analysis. The contributions of this manuscript are two-fold. First, we provide an overview of adaptive interventions and SMART designs for researchers in education science. Second, we propose four techniques that have the potential to improve statistical efficiency in the analysis of SMARTs. We demonstrate the benefits of these techniques in SMART settings both through the analysis of a SMART designed to optimize an adaptive intervention for increasing cognitive behavioral therapy delivery in school settings and through a comprehensive simulation study. Each of the proposed techniques is easily implementable, either with over-the-counter statistical software or through R code provided in an online supplement.Comment: 36 pages, 2 figure

The Enforcement of Copyright Law in the Field of Music and/or Song in the Framework of Digital Economic Development

The authorities (government) are obliged to strive to provide legal certainty to their citizens in a practical juridical manner by implementing copyright law enforcement in the field of music and/or songs in the context of developing the digital economy, therefore, in order for these ideals to be achieved, citizens need knowledge of statutory regulations, especially the Law. RI Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright. The use of the internet in this digital economic era has increased drastically as evidenced by the rise or development of digital platforms which are mushrooming in Indonesia, apart from providing a good economic impact but also having the impact of violating copyright law, therefore problems arise (1) Is Copyright Law Enforcement in Indonesia based on positive law (Ius constitutum) is in accordance with the principles of justice and the welfare state, and (2) Why protection and fulfillment of copyright for music and/or song creators in the digital economy era must be carried out according to the Pancasila philosophy, and (3) How configuration of music and/or song copyright for the advancement of the digital economy in Indonesia as ius constituendum. This writing uses normative legal research methods, with descriptive research type and uses qualitative data analysis methods. Discussion about law enforcement, especially regarding complaints and differences with reports, what legal problems there are, what the advantages and disadvantages are. This writing will be useful so that the authorities can make new regulations so that in the future regulations will follow developments in the digital economic er

Grading Apparatus.

Patent for improvements in grading apparatus to make it "comparatively simple and inexpensive in construction" (line 10) and readily adjustable

Vehicle-wheel.

Patent for a vehicle wheel that does not wear down as quickly as those currently used and that better absorb shock. The text explains the different parts of the new wheel and why it is an improvement over current wheels