16 research outputs found

    Aimed control of the frequency spectrum of eigenvibrations of elastic plates with a finite number of degrees of freedom of masses by superimposing additional constraints

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    As is known, for some elastic systems with a finite number of degrees of freedom of masses, for which the directions of motion of the masses are parallel and lie in the same plane, methods have been developed for creating additional constraints that purposefully change the spectrum of natural frequencies. In particular, theory and algorithm for the formation of aimed additional constraints have been developed for the rods, the introduction of each of which does not change any of the modes of natural vibrations, but only increases the value of only one frequency, without changing the values of the remaining frequencies. The distinctive paper is devoted to the method of forming a matrix of additional stiffness coefficients corresponding to such aimed constraint in the problem of natural vibrations of rods. This method can also be applied to solving a similar problem for elastic systems with a finite number of degrees of freedom, in which the directions of motion of the masses are parallel, but not lie in the same plane. In particular, such systems include plates. However, the algorithms for the formation of aimed additional constraints, developed for rods and based on the properties of rope polygons, cannot be used without significant changes in a similar problem for plates. The method for the formation of design constraint schemes that purposefully change the spectrum of frequencies of natural vibrations of elastic plates with a finite number of degrees of freedom of masses, will be considered in the next work. Β© 2021, ASV Publishing House. All rights reserved

    ΠšΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ минимальной матСриалоСмкости ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠΈ стСрТня Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ‚Π°Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ сСчСния ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π²Π°Ρ€ΡŒΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΅Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΈ очСртания ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ограничСниях Π½Π° Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ критичСской силы ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠΉ частоты собствСнных ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ… Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… плоскостях ΠΈΠ½Π΅Ρ€Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ сСчСния

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    We have already presented original criterion of minimum material consumption within the design of the outline of the width of the I-shaped bar and the stability constraints or restriction to the value of the first natural frequency in one principal plane of inertia of the cross-section. This paper is devoted in its turn to a criterion for the minimum material capacity of the I-shaped bar with a variation in its thickness and outline of the width, with restrictions to the value of the critical force or restriction to the value of the first natural frequency in two principal planes of inertia of the section.Π Π°Π½Π΅Π΅ Π±Ρ‹Π» сформулирован ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ минимальной матСриалоСмкости ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ очСртания ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊ стСрТнСй Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ‚Π°Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ сСчСния ΠΈ ограничСниях ΠΏΠΎ устойчивости ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠΉ собствСнной частоты Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ плоскости ΠΈΠ½Π΅Ρ€Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ сСчСния. Π’ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ формулируСтся ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ минимальной матСриалоСмкости ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠΈ стСрТня Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ‚Π°Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ сСчСния ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π²Π°Ρ€ΡŒΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΅Ρ‘ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΈ очСртания ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ограничСниях Π½Π° Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ критичСской силы ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠΉ частоты собствСнных ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ… Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… плоскостях ΠΈΠ½Π΅Ρ€Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ сСчСния

    Assessment of the proximity of design to minimum material capacity solution of problem of optimization of the flange width of i-shaped cross-section rods with allowance for stability constraints or constraints for the value of the first national frequency and strength requirements

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    There are known methods for optimizing the flange width of I-shaped cross-section rods with stability constraints or the constraints for the value of the first natural frequency. Corresponding objective function has the form of the volume of the flange material for the case when only the flange width varies and the cross-section height, wall thickness and flange thickness are specified. Special criterion for assessment of proximit y of corresponding an optimal solution to the design of minimal material capacity was formulated for the considering problem. In this case, the resulting solution may not meet some other unaccounted constraints, for example, strength requirements. Modification of solution in order to meet previously unaccounted constraints does not al-low researcher to consider such design as optimal. In the distinctive paper allowance for strength requirements, stability constraints or constraints for the value of the first natural frequency are proposed within considering problem of optimization. Special approach is formulated, which proposes to assess proximity to the design of minimum of material capacity obtained as a result of optimization. Increment of the objective function and criteria corresponding to constrains and restrictions are under consideration within computational process. Β© 2020, ASV Publishing House. All rights reserved

    ΠšΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ минимальной матСриалоСмкости ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠΈ стСрТня Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ‚Π°Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ сСчСния ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π²Π°Ρ€ΡŒΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΅Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΈ очСртания ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ограничСниях Π½Π° Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ критичСской силы ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠΉ частоты собствСнных ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ… Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… плоскостях ΠΈΠ½Π΅Ρ€Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ сСчСния

    No full text
    We have already presented original criterion of minimum material consumption within the design of the outline of the width of the I-shaped bar and the stability constraints or restriction to the value of the first natural frequency in one principal plane of inertia of the cross-section. This paper is devoted in its turn to a criterion for the minimum material capacity of the I-shaped bar with a variation in its thickness and outline of the width, with restrictions to the value of the critical force or restriction to the value of the first natural frequency in two principal planes of inertia of the section.Π Π°Π½Π΅Π΅ Π±Ρ‹Π» сформулирован ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ минимальной матСриалоСмкости ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ очСртания ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊ стСрТнСй Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ‚Π°Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ сСчСния ΠΈ ограничСниях ΠΏΠΎ устойчивости ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠΉ собствСнной частоты Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ плоскости ΠΈΠ½Π΅Ρ€Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ сСчСния. Π’ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ формулируСтся ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ минимальной матСриалоСмкости ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠΈ стСрТня Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ‚Π°Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ сСчСния ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π²Π°Ρ€ΡŒΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΅Ρ‘ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΈ очСртания ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ограничСниях Π½Π° Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ критичСской силы ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠΉ частоты собствСнных ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ… Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… плоскостях ΠΈΠ½Π΅Ρ€Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ сСчСния

    ΠšΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ стСрТнСй с кусочно-постоянным ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… сСчСний ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ органичСниях ΠΏΠΎ устойчивости ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠΉ собствСнной частоты. Π§Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ 1: ВСорСтичСскиС основы

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    The special properties of optimal systems have been already identified. Besides, criteria has been formulated to assess the proximity of optimal solutions to the minimal material consumption. In particular, the criteria were created for rods with rectangular and I-beam cross-section with stability constraints or constraints for the value of the first natural frequency. These criteria can be used for optimization when the cross sections of a bar change continuously along its length. The resulting optimal solutions can be considered as an idealized object in the sense of the limit. This function of optimal design allows researcher to assess the actual design solution by the criterion of its proximity to the corresponding limit (for example, regarding material consumption). Such optimal project can also be used as a reference point in real design, for example, implementing a step-by-step process of moving away from the ideal object to the real one. At each stage, it is possible to assess the changes in the optimality index of the object in comparison with both the initial and the idealized solution. One of the variants of such a process is replacing the continuous change in the size of the cross sections of the rod along its length with piecewise constant sections. Boundaries of corresponding intervals can be selected based on an ideal feature, and cross-section dimensions can be determined by one of the optimization methods. The distinctive paper is devoted to criteria that allow researcher providing reliable assessment of the endpoint of the optimization process.Π Π°Π½Π΅Π΅ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ выявлСны особыС свойства ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… систСм ΠΈ сформулированы ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊ минимально ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΠΌΡƒ. Π’ частности, Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ со Π·Π΄Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ, для стСрТнСй с ΠΏΡ€ΡΠΌΠΎΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΈ Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ‚Π°Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ сСчСниСм ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ограничСниях ΠΏΠΎ устойчивости ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠΉ частоты собствСнных ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π­Ρ‚ΠΈ ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌΡ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π² случаях, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ сСчСния стСрТня Π½Π΅ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ€Ρ‹Π²Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅. ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ этом ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ Π² смыслС ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ. Данная функция ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π° позволяСт ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ конструкторскоС Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΡŽ Π΅Π³ΠΎ близости ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ (Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€, ΠΏΠΎ матСриалоСмкости). Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€, рСализуя поэтапный процСсс ΠΎΡ‚Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΎΡ‚ идСального ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π° ΠΊ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ этапС появляСтся Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ измСнСния показатСля ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ с Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ с ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. Одни ΠΈΠ· Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ процСсса состоит Π² Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ€Ρ‹Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ измСнСния Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… сСчСний стСрТня ΠΏΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌΠΈ кусочно-постоянными участками. Π“Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ†Ρ‹ участков ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΈΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π½Π° основС идСального ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π°, Π° Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… сСчСний ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ. Π’ настоящСй ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ окончания процСсса Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ

    ИспользованиС критСрия минимальной матСриалоСмкости стСрТнСй ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ограничСниях ΠΏΠΎ устойчивости для случая ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ критичСской Π½Π°Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΠΊΠΈ

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    As it is known, special criteria are formulated to evaluate the obtained solution of some optimization problems. In particular, we formulate a criterion that allows us to estimate the proximity of the decision on the rod of the lowest weight and the restrictions on the resistance to the minimum material-intensive for rectilinear rods for certain types of cross sections. The criterion is based on the analysis of stresses from bending moments arising from the loss of stability. If the least critical force is not a multiple, then the form of loss of stability and the corresponding diagram of moments are the only ones. At multiplicity of the least critical load there are multiple forms of loss of stability, and any of their linear combination is also its own form. To estimate the obtained solution, it is necessary to form a combination of multiple forms of buckling and the corresponding diagram of bending moments, which will serve as the basis for the use of the criterion. This paper proposes an approach that allows to determine such a combination of multiple forms, which will be the basis for the application of the criterion of proximity of the obtained solution to the minimum material-intensive.Как извСстно, для ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ сформулированы ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ. Π’ частности, сформулирован ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ для прямолинСйных стСрТнСй ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠ°Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… сСчСний Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎ стСрТнС наимСньшСго вСса ΠΈ ограничСниях ΠΏΠΎ устойчивости ΠΊ минимально ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΠΌΡƒ. ΠšΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ основан Π½Π° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ напряТСний ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΈΠ±Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π΅ устойчивости. Если наимСньшая критичСская сила Π½Π΅ кратная, Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈ устойчивости ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π°Ρ Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΏΡŽΡ€Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² СдинствСнныС. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ кратности наимСньшСй критичСской Π½Π°Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈ устойчивости, ΠΈ любая ΠΈΡ… линСйная комбинация Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ являСтся собствСнной Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΎΠΉ. Для ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΡ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈ устойчивости ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΡƒΡŽ Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΏΡŽΡ€Ρƒ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΈΠ±Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², которая ΠΈ Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ ΡΠ»ΡƒΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ основой для использования критСрия. Π’ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ прСдлагаСтся ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ, которая станСт основой для примСнСния критСрия близости ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ минимально ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΠΌΡƒ

    Assessment of the Proximity of Design to Minimum Material Capacity Solution of Problem of Optimization of the Flange Width of I-Shaped Cross-Section Rods with Allowance for Stability Constraints or Constraints for the Value of the First Natural Frequency and Strength Requirements

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    There are known methods for optimizing the flange width of I-shaped cross-section rods with stability constraints or the constraints for the value of the first natural frequency. Corresponding objective function has the form of the volume of the flange material for the case when only the flange width varies and the crosssection height, wall thickness and flange thickness are specified. Special criterion for assessment of proximity of corresponding an optimal solution to the design of minimal material capacity was formulated for the considering problem. In this case, the resulting solution may not meet some other unaccounted constraints, for example, strength requirements. Modification of solution in order to meet previously unaccounted constraints does not allow researcher to consider such design as optimal. In the distinctive paper allowance for strength requirements, stability constraints or constraints for the value of the first natural frequency are proposed within considering problem of optimization. Special approach is formulated, which proposes to assess proximity to the design of minimum of material capacity obtained as a result of optimization. Increment of the objective function and criteria corresponding to constrains and restrictions are under consideration within computational process.Π˜Π·Π²Π΅ΡΡ‚Π½Ρ‹ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊ стСрТнСй Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ‚Π°Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ сСчСния ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ограничСниях ΠΏΠΎ устойчивости ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠΉ частоты собствСнных ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ объСма ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊ, для случая, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π²Π°Ρ€ΡŒΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊ, Π° высота сСчСния, Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½Π° стСнки ΠΈ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½Ρ‹. Для этого Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ‚Π° постановки Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ΠΈ Π±Ρ‹Π» сформулирован ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ близости Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρƒ минимальной матСриалоСмкости. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π½Π΅ Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡƒΡ‡Ρ‚Ρ‘Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ограничСния, Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€, ΠΏΠΎ прочности. ИзмСнСниС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ с Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒΡŽ удовлСтворСния Π½Π΅ΡƒΡ‡Ρ‚Ρ‘Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π΅ ограничСниям Π½Π΅ позволяСт ΡΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ. Π’ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ прСдлагаСтся Π² рассматриваСмой Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡Π΅ ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π² процСссС ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ограничСниях ΠΏΠΎ устойчивости ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠΉ частоты собствСнных ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΅Ρ‰Ρ‘ ΠΈ условии прочности. ЀормулируСтся ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ прСдлагаСтся для ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ близости ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρƒ минимальной матСриалоСмкости Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, наряду с Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌ Π² процСссС вычислСний ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ приращСния Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΈ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π΅Ρ‰Ρ‘ ΠΈ ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ, Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· принятых ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ

    About the solution of a structural class optimization problems. Part 1: Formulation of theoretical foundations problems of the solution procedure

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    Earlier, the criterion of minimum material consumption was formulated within the outline design of the I-shaped bar width and the stability constraints or restriction to the value of the first natural frequency in one principal plane of the cross-section inertia. In the distinctive paper, we formulate a criterion for the minimum material capacity of the I-shaped bar with a variation in its thickness and outline of the width, with restrictions on the value of the critical force or restriction to the value of the first natural frequency in two principal planes of the section inertia. Β© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

    The solution of structural class optimization problems. Part 2: Numerical examples

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    Earlier, the criterion of minimum material consumption was formulated within the design of the I-shaped bar width outline and the stability constraints or restriction to the value of the first natural frequency in one principal plane of the cross-section inertia. In the distinctive paper, we formulate a criterion for the minimum material capacity of the I-shaped bar with a variation in its thickness and outline of the width, with restrictions on the critical force value or restriction to the value of the first natural frequency in two principal planes of the section inertia. Numerical examples are presented. Β© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

    ΠšΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ стСрТнСй с кусочно-постоянным ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… сСчСний ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ органичСниях ΠΏΠΎ устойчивости ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠΉ собствСнной частоты. Π§Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ 2: ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‹ расчСта

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    The special properties of optimal systems have been already identified. Besides, criteria has been formulated to assess the proximity of optimal solutions to the minimal material consumption. In particular, the criteria were created for rods with rectangular and I-beam cross-section with stability constraints or constraints for the value of the first natural frequency. These criteria can be used for optimization when the cross sections of a bar change continuously along its length. The resulting optimal solutions can be considered as an idealized object in the sense of the limit. This function of optimal design allows researcher to assess the actual design solution by the criterion of its proximity to the corresponding limit (for example, regarding material consumption). Such optimal project can also be used as a reference point in real design, for example, implementing a step-by-step process of moving away from the ideal object to the real one. At each stage, it is possible to assess the changes in the optimality index of the object in comparison with both the initial and the idealized solution. One of the variants of such a process is replacing the continuous change in the size of the cross sections of the rod along its length with piecewise constant sections. Boundaries of corresponding intervals can be selected based on an ideal feature, and cross-section dimensions can be determined by one of the optimization methods. The distinctive paper is devoted to criteria that allow researcher providing reliable assessment of the endpoint of the optimization process, and the second part of the material presented contains corresponding numerical examples, prepared in accordance with the theoretical foundations given in the first part.Π Π°Π½Π΅Π΅ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ выявлСны особыС свойства ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… систСм ΠΈ сформулированы ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊ минимально ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΠΌΡƒ. Π’ частности Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ со Π·Π΄Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ, для стСрТнСй с ΠΏΡ€ΡΠΌΠΎΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΈ Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ‚Π°Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ сСчСниСм ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ограничСниях ΠΏΠΎ устойчивости ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠΉ частоты собствСнных ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π­Ρ‚ΠΈ ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌΡ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ сСчСния стСрТня Π½Π΅ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ€Ρ‹Π²Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅. ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ этом ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ Π² смыслС ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ. Π­Ρ‚Π° функция ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π° позволяСт ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ конструкторскоС Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΡŽ Π΅Π³ΠΎ близости ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ (Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€, ΠΏΠΎ матСриалоСмкости). Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€, рСализуя поэтапный процСсс ΠΎΡ‚Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΎΡ‚ идСального ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π° ΠΊ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ этапС появляСтся Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ измСнСния показатСля ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ с Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ с ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. Одни ΠΈΠ· Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ процСсса состоит Π² Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ€Ρ‹Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ измСнСния Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… сСчСний стСрТня ΠΏΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ кусочно-постоянными участками. Π“Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ†Ρ‹ участков ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΈΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π½Π° основС идСального ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π°, Π° Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… сСчСний ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ. Π’ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ окончания процСсса Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΠΌ прСдставляСмая вторая Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ содСрТит ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ расчСта Π² соотвСтствии с ΠΈΠ·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠΉ части тСорСтичСскими основами
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