Complex Protection System of Metadata-based Distributed Information Systems

A description of architecture and approaches to the implementation of a protection system of metadatabased adaptable information systems is suggested. Various protection means are examined. The system described is a multilevel complex based on a multiagent system combining IDS functional abilities with structure and logics protection means

Intelligent Search and Automatic Document Classification and Cataloging Based on Ontology Approach

This paper presents an approach to development of intelligent search system and automatic document classification and cataloging tools for CASE-system based on metadata. The described method uses advantages of ontology approach and traditional approach based on keywords. The method has powerful intelligent means and it can be integrated with existing document search systems

Software Testing and Documenting Automation

This article describes some approaches to problem of testing and documenting automation in information systems with graphical user interface. Combination of data mining methods and theory of finite state machines is used for testing automation. Automated creation of software documentation is based on using metadata in documented system. Metadata is built on graph model. Described approaches improve performance and quality of testing and documenting processes

Implementation of Distant Learning Portals based on CASE-technology METAS

The paper describes an approach to the development of software aimed at the creation of distant learning portals integrated with education support and educational institution management systems. The software being developed is based on CASE-technology METAS which is used for the creation of adaptive distributed information systems. This technology allows to dynamically adjust the portal’s structure and portal’s functionality enhancements

Cell Differentiation Degree as a Factor Determining the Role for Different T-Helper Populations in Tuberculosis Protection

Efficient tuberculosis (TB) control depends on early TB prediction and prevention. Solution to these tasks requires knowledge of TB protection correlates (TB CoPs), i.e., laboratory markers that are mechanistically involved in the protection and which allow to determine how well an individual is protected against TB or how efficient the candidate TB vaccine is. The search for TB CoPs has been largely focused on different T-helper populations, however, the data are controversial, and no reliable CoPs are still known. Here we discuss the role of different T-helper populations in TB protection focusing predominantly on Th17, “non-classical” Th1 (Th1*) and “classical” Th1 (cTh1) populations. We analyze how these populations differ besides their effector activity and suggest the hypothesis that: (i) links the protective potential of Th17, Th1*, and cTh1 to their differentiation degree and plasticity; (ii) implies different roles of these populations in response to vaccination, latent TB infection (LTBI), and active TB. One of the clinically relevant outcomes of this hypothesis is that over-stimulating T cells during vaccination and biasing T cell response toward the preferential generation of Th1 are not beneficial. The review sheds new light on the problem of TB CoPs and will help develop better strategies for TB control

Value of health in the modern society

В статье рассматривается категория здоровья в рамках ценностного подхода. Автор акцентирует внимание на отношении к здоровью как ценности среди молодого поколения. В работе анализируются данные социологических исследований, которые свидетельствуют о преобладании стереотипного мнения среди молодого поколения на здоровье и здоровый образ жизни.The article is devoted to the problem of the health lifestyle among young people. Based on the results of sociological investigations, the authors underline that the majority of respondents considers this term as a body training and proper food. And only less than 10 % thinks that it is not fitness but soul health first of all

COVID-19 and BCG vaccine: is there a link?

The spread of the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) makes the search for new approaches to prevent the infection of great importance. As one of the relevant approaches, the vaccination of risk groups with BCG vaccine has recently been suggested. BCG (Mycobacterium bovis, Bacillus Calmette–Guérin) is a live vaccine for tuberculosis, which is used in many countries with a high tuberculosis prevalence and helps preventing childhood tuberculosis, primarily, military disease and tuberculosis meningitis. Whether BCG may be used to increase the protection against COVID-19 is currently a question of debates. The review considers scientific background underlying possible impact of BCG in increased protection against COVID-19. BCG is able of inducing the heterologous and trained immunity, and its capacity to stimulate antiviral immune response has been demonstrated in experimental animals and humans. Our comparison of the dynamics of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in countries with different BCG vaccination policies has demonstrated a milder course of COVID-19 (i.e., a slower increase in disease cases and mortality) in countries where BCG vaccination is mandatory for all children. However, an association between BCG vaccination and a milder COVID-19 course is not obligatory direct. Other factors that may affect the association, such as the level of virus testing, the rigidity and the speed of quarantine implementation and others are discussed. An important argument against a role of BCG in the protection against COVID-19 is that BCG is given in childhood and may hardly induce long-lasting immunity. Because mandatory BCG vaccination is implemented in countries with high TB burden and because in these countries latent tuberculosis infection is widely spread, we suggest a hypothesis that latent tuberculosis infection may contribute to the maintenance of heterologous/trained antiviral immunity in countries with mandatory BCG vaccination. Four countries have recently initiated clinical trials to investigate whether BCG vaccination can increase the level of protection against COVID-19 in risk groups. The results of these studies, as well as COVID-19 epidemiological modeling will help understanding the impact of BCG in the level of the protection against COVID-19. Performing analogous clinical trials in Russia seems appropriate and scientifically sound

Digital health: myth or reality

The article is devoted to the study of the problems of social inequality in health and use of digital technologies in health care. The author notes, that despite the efforts of the world community, the problem of health inequality is caused by the social determinants of human health. Therefore, its overcoming is associated with certain socio-economic risks, which involves finding new ways to solve it. As the author states, the best way is the digital technology in healthcare. It means: 1) electronic document management; 1) electronic document management; 2) electronic prescriptions; 3) online consultations; 4) conducting online medical manipulations; 5) implementation of medical mobile applications; 6) medical electronic databases; 6) and even "electronic" treatment. It is necessary to note that the directions of using the digital technologies in the healthcare of the developed and high-developed countries have a distinctive feature that is due to the socio-economic differentiation of these states. In Europe and America, for example, they are used for the diagnosis and clinical treatment, while in regions with low income, their use is limited by collecting data, information delivering. This situation gives some researchers to think skeptically about future of digital technologies in medicine. In addition, it should be noted that, the development of digital healthcare still has a certain limitation in practical terms, which is due to the existing ethical and legal risks of using electronic technologies in medicine. First of all, we are talking about observing the principle of access, respectively, medical secrecy, which is one of the basic rules in deontology. In the legal situation, in accordance with the law, regulating the activities of the medical and preventive institutions and their staff, the existing national health committee. In addition, technological losses due to the complexity of the equipment used can not be ruled out.Статья посвящена исследованию проблемы социального неравенства в отношении здоровья и использованию цифровых технологий в здравоохранении как способа его преодоления. Автор отмечает, что проблема неравного доступа к медицинским услугам, несмотря на предпринимаемые мировым сообществом усилия, обусловлена социальной детерминированностью здоровья человека в современном социуме. Поэтому ее преодоление сопряжено с определенными социально-экономическими рисками, что требует поиска новых путей ее решения. По мнению автора, таким способом в условиях современного развития мирового сообщества стало внедрение в медицинскую практику и систему организации оказания медицинских услуг информационно-коммуникационных технологий и создание системы цифрового здравоохранения. Использование цифровых технологий в медицине позволило создать совершенно новые формы взаимодействия между поставщиками медицинских услуг и их потребителями: 1) электронный документооборот; 2) электронные рецепты; 3) онлайн-консультации; 4) проведение онлайн медицинских манипуляций; 5) внедрение медицинских мобильных приложений; 6) медицинские электронные базы данных. Следует отметить, что направления использования цифровых технологий в здравоохранении развитых и развивающихся стран имеет определенные отличия, что обусловлено социально-экономической дифференциацией этих государств. Так, в странах Европы, Америки они широко применяются для диагностики и клинического лечения, в то время, как в регионах с низким доходом на душу населения, их внедрение ограничено и используется пока для сбора данных, распространения информации и для связи поставщиков медицинских услуг и их потребителей. Данная ситуация дает некоторым исследователям основание рассматривать ограниченность использования цифровых технологий в решении проблемы социального неравенства в сфере здоровья. Кроме того, необходимо обратить внимание, что, несмотря на очевидные успехи, развитие цифрового здравоохранения пока имеет определенные ограничения в практическом аспекте, что обусловлено существующими этико-правовыми рисками использования электронных технологий в медицине. Прежде всего, речь идет о соблюдении принципа конфиденциальности данных пациента, соответственно, врачебной тайны, составляющей одно из базовых правил в деонтологии. В правовом аспекте риски развития цифровой медицины вызваны несоответствием международных юридических норм, регулирующих деятельность лечебно-профилактических учреждений и их персонала, действующему национальному законодательству в сфере здравоохранения. Кроме того, нельзя исключать и технологические риски, обусловленные сложностью используемого оборудования