Existence of nontrivial solutions for critical biharmonic equations with logarithmic term

In this paper, we consider the existence of nontrivial solutions to the following critical biharmonic problem with a logarithmic term \begin{equation*} \begin{cases} \Delta^2 u=\mu \Delta u+\lambda u+|u|^{2^{**}-2}u+\tau u\log u^2, \ \ x\in\Omega, u|_{\partial \Omega }=\frac{\partial u}{\partial n}|_{\partial\Omega}=0, \end{cases} \end{equation*} where $\mu,\lambda,\tau \in \mathbb{R}$, $|\mu|+|\tau|\ne 0$, $\Delta ^2=\Delta \Delta$ denotes the iterated N-dimensional Laplacian, $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^{N}$ is a bounded domain with smooth boundary $\partial \Omega$, $2^{**}=\frac{2N}{N-4}(N\ge5)$ is the critical Sobolev exponent for the embedding $H_{0}^{2}(\Omega)\hookrightarrow L^{2^{**}}(\Omega)$ and $H_0^2 (\Omega )$ is the closure of $C_0^ \infty (\Omega )$ under the norm $|| u ||:=(\int_{\Omega}|\Delta u|^2)^\frac{1}{2}$. The uncertainty of the sign of $s\log s^2$ in $(0,+\infty)$ has some interest in itself. To know which of the three terms $\mu \Delta u$, $\lambda u$ and $\tau u \log u^2$ has a greater influence on the existence of nontrivial weak solutions, we prove the existence of nontrivial weak solutions to the above problem for $N\ge5$ under some assumptions of $\lambda, \mu$ and $\tau$

Protection Evaluation of a Five-Gene-Deleted African Swine Fever Virus Vaccine Candidate Against Homologous Challenge

African swine fever virus (ASFV) represents a serious threat to the global swine industry, and there are no safe or commercially available vaccines. Previous studies have demonstrated that inactivated vaccines do not provide sufficient protection against ASFV and that attenuated vaccines are effective, but raise safety concerns. Here, we first constructed a deletion mutant in which EP153R and EP402R gene clusters were knocked out. Based on the deletion mutant, a further deletion from the MGF_360-12L, MGF_360-13L to MGF_360-14L genes was obtained. The five-genes knockout virus was designated as ASFV-ΔECM3. To investigate the efficacy and safety of the ASFV-ΔECM3 virus as a vaccine candidate, the evaluation of the virus was subsequently carried out in pigs. The results showed that the ASFV-ΔECM3 virus could induce homologous protection against the parental isolate, and no significant clinical signs or viremia were observed. These results show that the contiguous deletion mutant, ASFV-ΔECM3 encompassing the EP153R/EP402R and MGF_360-12L/13L/14L genes, could be a potential live-attenuated vaccine candidate for the prevention of ASFV infection

Nontrivial solutions to the p-harmonic equation with nonlinearity asymptotic to |t|p–2t at infinity

We consider the following p-harmonic proble

Impact of Illegal Application of Urea Regulator on Real-World Exhaust Nitrogen Oxygen and Particle Number Emissions

Urea regulators (UR) have generally been employed against diesel trucks to save urea usage and thus contribute to the reduction in excessive emissions, while their usage is generally difficult to supervise and enforce. By conducting real driving emission measurements on a China IV heavy-duty diesel truck, a “trade-off” effect caused by UR was found between nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particle number (PN) emissions. The usage of UR contributes to 1.04 times higher NOx but 0.28 times lower PN emissions for the whole trip. In particular, the increasing effects on NOx are most efficient on the highway and least effectual on the urban road, while the decreasing effects on PN exhibit an opposite trend under different road types. From low- and medium- to the high-speed bin, the peak average vehicle-specific power NOx emission rates exhibit markedly increasing but slightly decreasing trends for the truck with and without UR, respectively. Furthermore, the NOx emissions in units of CO2 and the linear correlational relationship between CO2 and NOx instantaneous mass emission rates, especially those on the highway, are significantly enhanced. This study directly clarifies the effects of UR on real-world emissions, providing a scientific basis for the real-time identification of the malfunction of the selective catalytic reduction system

The Effect of Digested Manure on Biogas Productivity and Microstructure Evolution of Corn Stalks in Anaerobic Cofermentation

The anaerobic fermentation of crop straw and animal wastes is increasingly used for the biogas and green energy generation, as well as reduction of the environmental pollution. The anaerobic cofermentation of corn stalks inoculated by cow dung was found to achieve higher biogas production and cellulose biodegradation. In this study, the effect of mixing corn stalks with cow dung at five different fermentation stages (0, 7, 15, 23, and 31 days of the total fermentation cycle of 60 days) on the further cofermentation process was explored, in order to optimize the corn straw utilization rate and biogas production capacity. In addition, the straw microstructure evolution was investigated by the SEM and XRD methods to identify the optimal conditions for the straw biodegradation process enhancement. The five test groups exhibited nearly identical total biogas productivity values but strongly differed by daily biogas yields (the maximal biogas generation rate being 524.3 ml/d). Based on the degradation characteristics of total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS), and lignocellulose, groups #1 and #3 (0 and 15 days) had the most significant degradation rates of VS (43.73%) and TS (42.07%), respectively, while the largest degradation rates of cellulose (62.70%) and hemicellulose (50.49%) were observed in group #4 (23 days) and group #1 (0 days), respectively. The SEM analysis revealed strong microstructural changes in corn stalks after fermentation manifested by multiple cracks and striations, while the XRD results proved the decrease in peak intensity of cellulose 002 crystal surface and the reduced crystallinity after cofermentation. The results of this study are assumed to be quite instrumental to the further optimization of the corn stalk anaerobic digestion by inoculation with digested manure for lignocellulose degradation enhancement and biogas productivity improvement

Marked impacts of transient conditions on potential secondary organic aerosol production during rapid oxidation of gasoline exhausts

Abstract Vehicle emission is a major source of atmospheric secondary organic aerosols (SOA). Driving condition is a critical influencing factor for vehicular SOA production, but few studies have revealed the dependence on rapid-changing real-world driving conditions. Here, a fast-response oxidation flow reactor system is developed and deployed to quantify the SOA formation potential under transient driving conditions. Results show that the SOA production factor varies by orders of magnitude, e.g., 20–1500 mg kg-fuel−1 and 12–155 mg kg-fuel−1 for China V and China VI vehicles, respectively. High speed, acceleration, and deceleration are found to considerably promote SOA production due to higher organic gaseous emissions caused by unburned fuel emission or incomplete combustion. In addition, China VI vehicles significantly reduce SOA formation potential, yield, and acceleration and deceleration peaks. Our study provides experimental insight and parameterization into vehicular SOA formation under transient driving conditions, which would benefit high time-resolved SOA simulations in the urban atmosphere

Series of ZnSn(OH)₆ Polyhedra: Enhanced CO₂ Dissociation Activation and Crystal Facet-Based Homojunction Boosting Solar Fuel Synthesis

A series of ZnSn­(OH)₆ polyhedra are successfully explored with well-controlled area ratio of the exposed {100} and {111} facets. Band alignment of the exposed facet-based homojunction of the elegant polyhedron facilitates spatial separation of photogenerated electrons and holes on {111} and {100} surfaces, respectively. Optimal area ratio of {100} to {111} is the prerequisite for pronounced CO₂ photocatalytic performance of high-symmetry cuboctahedra into methane (CH₄). The synergistic effect of the excess electron accumulation and simultaneously the enhanced CO₂ absorption and low dissociation activation energy on {111} reduction sites promote the yield of CO₂ photocatalytic conversion product

Evaluation of an I177L gene-based five-gene-deleted African swine fever virus as a live attenuated vaccine in pigs

ABSTRACTAfrican swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious disease of domestic and wild pigs caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV). The current research on ASF vaccines focuses on the development of naturally attenuated, isolated, or genetically engineered live viruses that have been demonstrated to produce reliable immunity. As a result, a genetically engineered virus containing five genes deletion was synthesized based on ASFV Chinese strain GZ201801, named ASFV-GZΔI177LΔCD2vΔMGF. The five-gene-deleted ASFV was safe and fully attenuated in pigs and provides reliable protection against the parental ASFV strain challenge. This indicates that the five-gene-deleted ASFV is a potential candidate for a live attenuated vaccine that could control the spread of ASFV