EFFECTS OF SOURCE DOPING PROFILE ON DEVICE CHARACTERISTICS OF LATERAL AND VERTICAL TUNNEL FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS

The source doping engineering, the low bandgap material and the vertical tunneling structure have recently been considered as most effective techniques to resolve the on-current issue in tunnel field-effect transistors (TFETs). In this paper, the effects of source doping profile, including the concentration and gradient, on the device characteristics are adequately elucidated in lateral and vertical TFETs using low bandgap germanium to allow a comprehensive comparison between the two major TFET architectures for the first time. Similar dependences of the on-current on the source concentration are observed in lateral and vertical TFETs, except that the on-current of vertical TFETs is always greater than that of lateral TFETs approximately one order of magnitude. With different contributions of the lateral and vertical tunneling components in the subthreshold region, the subthreshold swing of vertical TFETs first decreases at small concentrations, then increases at medium values, and finally decreases again at high concentrations, whereas that of lateral counterparts always decreases exponentially with increase in the source concentration. The on-current of lateral TFETs is significantly decreased, while that of vertical TFETs is almost invariable with increasing the source doping gradient. With competitive advantages of the vertical TFET architecture in on-current, subthreshold swing and device fabrication, vertical TFETs using low bandgap semiconductors are promising for use in low power applications

Building a Relationship Between Vocational Training Institutions and Enterprises in Vietnam in the Integration Period

In recent years, with the policy of international economic integration of Vietnamese government, vocational training has made many positive changes. The quality and efficiency of vocational training have been improved and trained workers have participated in almost all sectors of the national economy. The effective cooperation model between the vocational training institution (the schools) and the enterprises is the key for this sucess. We used both qualitative and quantitative approaches for analysis data. The results of descriptive statistics, Cronbach’s Alpha analysis have identified and measured 7 attributes of building a relationship between vocational training institutions and enterprises. The paper discusses the relationship between the schools and enterprises in vocational training in Vietnam and make some recommendations for effectively enhancing this relationship in the coming time. Keywords: vocational training, schools, businessess, relationships DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-12-06 Publication date: April 30th 202

Affections of Turbine Nozzle Cross-Sectional Area to the Marine Diesel Engine Working

After a long period of use, some important technical parameters of the main marine diesel engines (MDE) gradually become worse, such as the turbine speed, intake pressure, exhaust temperature, engine power, and specific fuel oil consumption (SFOC). This paper studies the affections of the turbine nozzle cross-sectional area (AT) to MDE and presents a method of AT adjustment to improve the performances of MDE. A mathematical model of an engine was built based on the existent engine construction and the theory of the diesel engine working cycle and the simulation was programmed by Matlab/Simulink. This simulation model accuracy was evaluated through the comparison of simulation results and experimental data of the MDE. The accuracy testing results were acceptable (within 5%). The influences of AT on the engine working parameters and the finding optimization point were conducted by using the simulation program to study. The predicted optimization point of the nozzle was used to improve the engine’s performances on board. The integration of the simulation and experiment studies showed its effectiveness in the practical application of the marine diesel engine field

Relationship between influencer marketing and purchase intention: focusing on Vietnamese gen Z consumers

The exploration of social media among Gen Z has promoted the development of influencer marketing in emerging markets. This study aims to determine how influencer marketing would impact Vietnamese Gen Z consumer’s purchase intention. This study employed quantitative research and used Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to analyze the data. The data collection process is conducted online with a sample size of 250 Gen Z respondents. The respondents are aware of the impacts of influencer marketing on their purchase intention. The respondents are exposed to influencer marketing on social media and had experiences with online shopping. The study analyzes five factors that would influence Gen Z’s consumer purchase intention: perceived influencers’' credibility (CRE), the relevance between products and customers (RE), the entertainment value of influencers' content (ENT), perceived expertise of influencers (EXP) and peer’s review and recommendation (PEER). This study's findings concluded that 4 out of 5 factors had influenced Gen Z purchase intention: perceived influencers' credibility, the entertainment value of influencers' content, perceived expertise of influencers, and peer's review and recommendation. There is no statistical evidence to conclude that the relevance between products and customers (RE) impacts Vietnamese Gen Z’s consumer purchase intention. Remarkably, peer’s review and recommendation (PEER) is the most vital factor impacting Vietnamese Gen Z's consumer purchase intention. Managerial recommendations are provided to improve influencer marketing's effectiveness on purchase intention among Vietnamese Gen Z consumers

The taxonomy, zoogeography and ecology of amphibians and reptiles of Hin Nam No National Protected Area (Laos) in comparison with data from Phong Nha – Ke Bang National Park (Vietnam).

In this thesis the mostly unknown herpetofauna in Hin Nam No National Protected Area Laos in the northern Truong Son Range was for the first time intensively investigated, and its diversity was compared to the bordering, and well-investigated Phong Nha - Ke Bang National Park in Vietnam. Twelve new vertebrate species were described comprising 11 geckonids (Cyrtodactylus bansocensis, C. calamei, C. hinnamnoensis, C. jaegeri, C. rufford, C. sommerladi, C. soudthichaki, Gekko boehmei, G. bonkowskii, G. sengchanthavongi, G. thakhekensis, Lycodon banksi and one colubrid snake (Lycodon banksi). Seven species were discovered for the first time in Laos including three frogs (Gracixalus quyeti, G. supercornutus, Rhacophorus maximus), two geckos (Cyrtodactylus cryptus, C. pseudoquadrivirgatus) and two snakes (Lycodon futsingensis, L. ruhstrati abditus). The main hypothesis that the Truong Son Range acted as a biogeographic barrier for the distribution of amphibians and reptiles could be confirmed at least for karst adapted gekkonids. Compared to other herpetofaunal groups the number of gekkonids in karst formations was particularly high (seven bent-toed geckos, four true geckos). By comparing the relative amounts of shared species in Hin Nam No and Phong Nha - Ke Bang, it is interesting to note that fewer reptile species (38%) than amphibian species (66%) were shared between both regions. This might indicate that the Truong Son Range acts as a stronger biogeographical barrier for reptiles than for amphibians. Two pairs of karst-adapted cryptic gecko species (i.e. species with distinct genetic differences, but a similar phenotype) occurred on both sides of the Truong Son Range. Only in one case these were sibling species (Crytodactylus sommerladi in Laos versus C. roesleri in Vietnam), but not in the other (C. hinnamnoensis in Laos versus C. phongnhakebangensis in Vietnam). On the Laotian side, nine gecko species (Cyrtodactylus bansocensis, C. calamei, C. darevskii, C. hinnamnoensis, C. khammouanensis, C. multiporus, C. sommerladi, G. boehmei, G. sengchanthavongi) currently have to be regarded as endemic to the Hin Nam No region. On the Vietnamese side, seven species including two bent-toed geckos (Cyrtodactylus phongnhakebangensis and C. roesleri), three skinks (Lygosoma boehmei, Sphenomorphus tetradactylus and Tropidophorus noggei), and two snakes (Hebius andreae and Boiga bourreti) are currently only known from Phong Nha - Ke Bang and adjacent regions. These high numbers of potential endemic species together with the cryptic species complex in Cyrtodactylus provide strong evidence that the karst formations in the northern Truong Son Range represent a hot spot of reptile diversity and of speciation in Crytodactylus in particular. Correct species identification is a fundamental requirement for conservation measures. The discovery of cryptic species complexes poses a challenge for alpha taxonomy and species conservation, because the true distribution ranges of the species are in fact much smaller than previously assumed. Species conservation in this area of Laos is facing a number of further problems. New and potentially endemic species were discovered in highly populated and disturbed areas. Conversion of the Ho Chi Minh Trail into a highway provided easy access for farmers and still continues to accelerate the destruction of remote forest areas. Southern Hin Nam No with its high diversity of endemic species was identified as the first priority area for conservation. Also Ban Soc, an area isolated from Hin Nam No, should be among the conservation priorities because this region houses a so far overlooked population of the critically endangered Siamese crocodile. Efforts to establish a legal conservation status for this habitat are in progress

OPORTUNIDADES E DESAFIOS DA TRANSFORMAÇÃO DIGITAL NA EDUCAÇÃO NO DESASTRE DE COVID NO VIETNÃ

Coronavirus affects the education system in the world. Schools, colleges, and universities are closed to control the spread of the coronavirus. School closure brings difficulties for students, teachers, and parents. So, online learning is a solution to continue the education system. However, the lack of network infrastructures, computers, and internet access is challenging. This paper aims to review the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the education and status of digital transformation in education in Vietnam. Verify the opportunities and challenges in the digital transformation in education and recommend some issues that need to do be concerned to promote the transformation process in education in Vietnam.O coronavírus afeta o sistema educacional no mundo. Escolas, faculdades e universidades são fechadas para controlar a disseminação do coronavírus. O fechamento de escolas traz dificuldades para alunos, professores e pais. Portanto, o aprendizado online é uma solução para dar continuidade ao sistema educacional. No entanto, a falta de infraestruturas de rede, computadores e acesso à Internet é um desafio. Este artigo tem como objetivo revisar o impacto da pandemia COVID-19 sobre a educação e a situação da transformação digital na educação no Vietnã. Verifique as oportunidades e desafios na transformação digital na educação e recomende algumas questões que precisam se preocupar para promover o processo de transformação na educação no Vietnã

A new record of Cyrtodactylus soni Le, Nguyen, Le & Ziegler, 2016 (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Hoa Binh province and threat assessment

A new population of the Son’s Bent–toed Gecko (Cyrtodactylus soni), an endemic species of Vietnam, is reported for the first time from Hoa Binh province based on three adult male specimens collected in June 2018 in a karst cave of Dong Tam commune, Lac Thuy district. The population of this species in Hoa Binh province is threatened by habitat loss through converting forest to agriculture and quarrying of limestone. Assessment of population status in the study area is urgently needed to provide baseline data for conservation measures.

BARTPhoBEiT: Pre-trained Sequence-to-Sequence and Image Transformers Models for Vietnamese Visual Question Answering

Visual Question Answering (VQA) is an intricate and demanding task that integrates natural language processing (NLP) and computer vision (CV), capturing the interest of researchers. The English language, renowned for its wealth of resources, has witnessed notable advancements in both datasets and models designed for VQA. However, there is a lack of models that target specific countries such as Vietnam. To address this limitation, we introduce a transformer-based Vietnamese model named BARTPhoBEiT. This model includes pre-trained Sequence-to-Sequence and bidirectional encoder representation from Image Transformers in Vietnamese and evaluates Vietnamese VQA datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed model outperforms the strong baseline and improves the state-of-the-art in six metrics: Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1-score, WUPS 0.0, and WUPS 0.9