Comma-free Codes Over Finite Alphabets

Comma-free codes have been widely studied in the last sixty years, from points of view as diverse as biology, information theory and combinatorics. We develop new methods to study comma-free codes achieving the maximum size, given the cardinality of the alphabet and the length of the words. Specifically, we are interested in counting the number of such codes. We provide (two different proofs for) a closed-formula. The approach introduced is further developed to tackle well-known sub-families of comma-free codes, such as self-complementary and (generalisations of) non-overlapping codes. We also study codes that are not contained in strictly larger ones. For instance, we determine the maximal size of self-complementary comma-free codes and the number of codes reaching the bound. We provide a characterisation of-letter non-overlapping codes (over an alphabet of cardinality n), which allows us to devise the number of such codes that are not contained in any strictly larger one. Our approach mixes combinatorial and graph-theoretical arguments

Unexpected additional increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer among a recent birth cohort in Switzerland

Data collected by the Swiss Cancer Registries Network (ASRT/VSKR) have been used to analyse trends in thyroid cancer during the last available 20 years, to make within-country geographical comparisons for current incidence rates. Age-standardized (European population) incidence rates per 100,000 for all morphologies combined ranges from 1.62 to 2.99 among males and from 2.13 to 8.09 among females in Switzerland. Regression analyses for both sexes combined detected an increase in time for papillary cases and a decrease for other types. Age-period-cohort analyses revealed that the youngest cohorts of men and women born after 1940 had an increased risk of all types of thyroid cancer while the cohort of people born between 1920 and 1939 were at increased risk of the papillary subtype. Assuming a higher sensitivity to ionizing radiation among the youngest people, a Chernobyl effect cannot be definitively excluded and continuous study of this topic should be encouraged. [Authors]]]> oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_E34753EE75AC 2022-05-07T01:28:52Z <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_E34753EE75AC Compte rendu de: Paul M. Lloyd, From Latin to Spanish, vol.I: Historical Phonology and Morphology of the Spanish Language, Paul M. Lloyd, From Latin to Spanish, vol.I: Historical Phonology and Morphology of the Spanish Language, Philadelphia, 1987; in Vox Romanica 47, 293-297 Eberenz, R info:eu-repo/semantics/other misc 1988 oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_E347DD056C35 2022-05-07T01:28:52Z <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_E347DD056C35 Sobre tablas y entre bastidores. Acercamientos al teatro español. Homenaje al profesor Antonio Lara Pozuelo urn:isbn:9788497429986 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/isbn/9788497429986 http://www.bibliotecanueva.es/ La Torre, M. de (ed.) Béguelin, V. (ed.) Eberenz, R. (ed.) info:eu-repo/semantics/book book 2009-07 spa oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_E349C9778321 2022-05-07T01:28:52Z <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_E349C9778321 Discussion et recommandations : le point de vue du management public Chappelet, J.-L. Emery, Y. info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart incollection 2009 Réformes de politiques institutionnelles et action publique = Reformen institutioneller Politiken und Staatshandeln, pp. 271-279 Knoepfel, P. (ed.) info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/isbn/9782880748272 fre oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_E349D01878E9 2022-05-07T01:28:52Z <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_E349D01878E9 Navigator-gated and real-time motion corrected free-breathing MR Imaging of myocardial late enhancement. info:doi:10.1055/s-2002-28271 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1055/s-2002-28271 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/11997854 Spuentrup, E. Buecker, A. Karassimos, E. Günther, R.W. Stuber, M. info:eu-repo/semantics/article article 2002 Röfo, vol. 174, no. 5, pp. 562-567 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1438-9029[print], 1438-9010[linking] <![CDATA[PURPOSE: A new magnetic resonance imaging approach for detection of myocardial late enhancement during free-breathing was developed. METHODS AND RESULTS: For suppression of respiratory motion artifacts, a prospective navigator technology including real-time motion correction and a local navigator restore was implemented. Subject specific inversion times were defined from images with incrementally increased inversion times acquired during a single dynamic scout navigator-gated and real-time motion corrected free-breathing scan. Subsequently, MR-imaging of myocardial late enhancement was performed with navigator-gated and real-time motion corrected adjacent short axis and long axis (two, three and four chamber) views. This alternative approach was investigated in 7 patients with history of myocardial infarction 12 min after i. v. administration of 0.2 mmol/kg body weight gadolinium-DTPA. CONCLUSION: With the presented navigator-gated and real-time motion corrected sequence for MR-imaging of myocardial late enhancement data can be completely acquired during free-breathing. Time constraints of a breath-hold technique are abolished and optimized patient specific inversion time is ensured

La relation entre codes k-circulaires et codes circulaires

International audienceA code $X$ is $k$-circular if any concatenation of at most $k$ words from $X$, when read on a circle, admits exactly one partition into words from $X$. It is circular if it is $k$-circular for every integer $k$. While it is not a priori clear from the definition, there exists, for every pair ($n$,ℓ), an integer $k$ such that every $k$-circular ℓ-letter code over an alphabet of cardinality n is circular, and we determine the least such integer $k$ for all values of $n$ and ℓ. The $k$-circular codes may represent an important evolutionary step between the circular codes, such as the comma-free codes, and the genetic code.Un code $X$ est $k$-circulaire si toute concaténation d'au plus $k$ mots de $X$, lue de façon circulaire, admet une et une seule partition en mots appartenant à $X$. Il est circulaire s'il est $k$-circulaire pour tout entier $k$. Bien que ce ne soit pas a priori clair à partir de la définition, il existe, pour toute paire ($n$,ℓ), un entier $k$ tel que tout code $k$-circulaire de mots à ℓ lettres sur un alphabet de taille $n$ est circulaire, et nous déterminons la plus petite valeur d'un tel entier $k$ pour toutes les paires ($n$,ℓ). Les codes $k$-circulaires représentent peut-être une importante étape d'évolution entre les codes circulaires, comme les codes comma-free, et le code génétique

Efficacy of vinblastine in central nervous system Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a nationwide retrospective study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Vinblastine (VBL) is the standard treatment for systemic Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), but little is known about its efficacy in central nervous system (CNS) mass lesions.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A retrospective chart review was conducted. Twenty patients from the French LCH Study Group register met the inclusion criteria. In brief, they had CNS mass lesions, had been treated with VBL, and were evaluable for radiologic response.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The median age at diagnosis of LCH was 11.5 years (range: 1-50). Intravenous VBL 6 mg/m²was given in a 6-week induction treatment, followed by a maintenance treatment. The median total duration was 12 months (range: 3-30). Eleven patients received steroids concomitantly. Fifteen patients achieved an objective response; five had a complete response (CR: 25%), ten had a partial response (PR: 50%), four had stable disease (SD: 20%) and one patient progressed (PD: 5%). Of interest, four out of the six patients who received VBL without concomitant steroids achieved an objective response. With a median follow-up of 6.8 years, the 5-year event-free and overall survival was 61% and 84%, respectively. VBL was well-tolerated and there were no patient withdrawals due to adverse events.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>VBL, with or without steroids, could potentially be a useful therapeutic option in LCH with CNS mass lesions, especially for those with inoperable lesions or multiple lesions. Prospective clinical trials are warranted for the evaluation of VBL in this indication.</p

Search for CP Violation in the Decay Z -> b (b bar) g

About three million hadronic decays of the Z collected by ALEPH in the years 1991-1994 are used to search for anomalous CP violation beyond the Standard Model in the decay Z -> b \bar{b} g. The study is performed by analyzing angular correlations between the two quarks and the gluon in three-jet events and by measuring the differential two-jet rate. No signal of CP violation is found. For the combinations of anomalous CP violating couplings, ${\hat{h}}_b = {\hat{h}}_{Ab}g_{Vb}-{\hat{h}}_{Vb}g_{Ab}$ and $h^{\ast}_b = \sqrt{\hat{h}_{Vb}^{2}+\hat{h}_{Ab}^{2}}$, limits of \hat{h}_b < 0.59$and$h^{\ast}_{b} < 3.02$ are given at 95\% CL.Comment: 8 pages, 1 postscript figure, uses here.sty, epsfig.st

Reception Test of Petals for the End Cap TEC+ of the CMS Silicon Strip Tracker

The silicon strip tracker of the CMS experiment has been completed and was inserted into the CMS detector in late 2007. The largest sub system of the tracker are its end caps, comprising two large end caps (TEC) each containing 3200 silicon strip modules. To ease construction, the end caps feature a modular design: groups of about 20 silicon modules are placed on sub-assemblies called petals and these self-contained elements are then mounted onto the TEC support structures. Each end cap consists of 144 such petals, which were built and fully qualified by several institutes across Europe. Fro

Integration of the End Cap TEC+ of the CMS Silicon Strip Tracker

The silicon strip tracker of the CMS experiment has been completed and inserted into the CMS detector in late 2007. The largest sub-system of the tracker is its end cap system, comprising two large end caps (TEC) each containing 3200 silicon strip modules. To ease construction, the end caps feature a modular design: groups of about 20 silicon modules are placed on sub-assemblies called petals and these self-contained elements are then mounted into the TEC support structures. Each end cap consists of 144 petals, and the insertion of these petals into the end cap structure is referred to as TEC integration. The two end caps were integrated independently in Aachen (TEC+) and at CERN (TEC--). This note deals with the integration of TEC+, describing procedures for end cap integration and for quality control during testing of integrated sections of the end cap and presenting results from the testing