Development of lithium-thionyl chloride batteries for Centaur

Lithium thionyl chloride (LiSOCl2) primary cells and batteries have received considerable attention over the last several years because of their high theoretical specific energy and energy density. The objective was to develop a 300 wh/kg cell capable of safe operation at C/2 rate and active storage life for 5 to 10 years. This technology would replace other primary cell technologies in NASA applications mainly the silver zinc (AgZn) batteries presently in use. The LiSOCl2 system exceeds the capabilities of the AgZn in terms of specific energy of 300 wh/kg (compared with 100 wh/kg for AgZn), active storage life of 10 to 20 times the 3 to 6 months active storage and has a significantly lower projected cost

Fluidized bed silicon deposition from silane

A process and apparatus for thermally decomposing silicon containing gas for deposition on fluidized nucleating silicon seed particles is disclosed. Silicon seed particles are produced in a secondary fluidized reactor by thermal decomposition of a silicon containing gas. The thermally produced silicon seed particles are then introduced into a primary fluidized bed reactor to form a fludized bed. Silicon containing gas is introduced into the primary reactor where it is thermally decomposed and deposited on the fluidized silicon seed particles. Silicon seed particles having the desired amount of thermally decomposed silicon product thereon are removed from the primary fluidized reactor as ultra pure silicon product. An apparatus for carrying out this process is also disclosed

Fluidized bed silicon deposition from silane

A process and apparatus for thermally decomposing silicon containing gas for deposition on fluidized nucleating silicon seed particles is disclosed. Silicon seed particles are produced in a secondary fluidized reactor by thermal decomposition of a silicon containing gas. The thermally produced silicon seed particles are then introduced into a primary fluidized bed reactor to form a fluidized bed. Silicon containing gas is introduced into the primary reactor where it is thermally decomposed and deposited on the fluidized silicon seed particles. Silicon seed particles having the desired amount of thermally decomposed silicon product thereon are removed from the primary fluidized reactor as ultra pure silicon product. An apparatus for carrying out this process is also disclosed

Studies on the mode of enzyme catalysis and the hydrolysis of bis-p-dimethylaminobenzalazine

The alpha-chymotrypsin catalyzed hydrolysis of four L-tyrosinhydrazides at 25[degrees]C have been studied. The values of the kinetic constants K[subscript s] and k[subscript 3] for L-tyrosinhydrazide, acetyl L-tyrosinhydrazide, and nicotinyl L-tyrosinhydrazide have been evaluated by the usual procedure. The values of these constants for benzoyl L-tyrosinhydrazide have been obtained by the method of competitive hydrolysis. The procedure for the quantitative determination of hydrazine by the reaction with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde to form the corresponding azine has been adapted to the study of the rate of the hydrolysis of alpha-amino acid hydrazides. The rates of formation and of hydrolysis of bis p-dimethylaminobenzalazine have been studied under various conditions. The effects of dielectric constant, ionic strength, acid concentration, and temperature on the rate of hydrolysis have been investigated. The acid dissociation constants for p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde in two distinct ethanol-water systems have been determined. The acid dissociation constants for the hydrazone and the azine of p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde have been obtained. The value of the constant for the assumed aldehyde- hydrazine- hydrazone equilibrium has been calculated