Universal adhesives applied to deep dentin with different bonding treatments

Fil: Mirotti, Germán. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Departamento de Rehabilitación Bucal. Cátedra de Operatoria I "A”; Argentina.Fil: Lutri, Mónica Paola. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Departamento de Rehabilitación Bucal. Cátedra de Operatoria I "A”; Argentina.Fil: Kraemer, María Elis. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Departamento de Rehabilitación Bucal. Cátedra de Operatoria I "A”; Argentina.Fil: Monserrat, Natalia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Departamento de Rehabilitación Bucal. Cátedra de Operatoria I "A”; Argentina.Fil: Piconi, María Celeste. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Departamento de Rehabilitación Bucal. Cátedra de Operatoria I "A”; Argentina.Fil: Caballero, Alicia L. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Departamento de Rehabilitación Bucal. Cátedra de Operatoria I "A”; Argentina.Fil: Rozas, Carlos A.. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Departamento de Rehabilitación Bucal. Cátedra de Operatoria I "A”; Argentina.Fil: Croharé, Luis M. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Área de Biología Odontológica; Argentina.Fil: Sezin, Mario. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Departamento de Rehabilitación Bucal. Cátedra de Operatoria I "A”; Argentina.Eighth-generation adhesives may be applied with total etch, selective-etch or self-conditioning, and serve as primers for non-dental substrates. Aim: To determine the bonding characteristics of universal adhesives applied to the deep pulp wall with different strategies, by means of shear bond strength and laser microscopy. Materials and Method: Cavities 4 mm deep and maximum width were carved in 36 extracted molars. Nine groups were formed according to dental substrate treatment and adhesives, as follows: Total-etch: group 1-Monobond 7 self-etch, group 2-One coat 7 universal, and group 3-Single bond universal; Adamantine etch: group 4-Monobond 7 self-etch, group 5-One coat 7 universal, and group 6-Single bond universal; Self-conditioning: group 7-Monobond 7 self-etch, group 8-One coat 7 universal, and group 9-Single bond universal. Molars were filled following the manufacturer?s instructions. Three specimens per group (27 altogether) were used to determine shear bond strength using a universal testing machine, while layer thicknesses were measured on the remaining specimens using microscope images and Olympus LEXT 3D Software. Analysis of variance was used to compare data. Results: Mean (standard deviation) bond strength in megapascals (MPa) was: group 1: 7.06±3.01; group 2: 10.74±4.36; group 3: 8.20±3.92; group 4: 7.41±2.23; group 5: 6.84±1.50; group 6: 5.86±2.10; group 7: 5.83±1.94; group 8: 7.14±2.37; group 9: 8.06±3.51. Bond strength was higher (p=0.049) for total-etch (8.61±3.96) than for selective etch (6.71±1.98) and self-conditioning (6.91±2.68). No significant difference was found among the three adhesives (p=0.205). Adhesive layer in micrometers (μm) was total-etch 8.71±4.93, selective etch 5.49±1.70 and self-conditioning 6.27±3.01, with no significant difference. Conclusions: There were significant differences among bonding strategies, with the highest values for total-etch. No significant difference was observed between self-conditioning and selective etch. No significant difference was found among the adhesives, which all behaved similarly. The greatest adhesive layer thicknesses were recorded in the total-etch group, with no significant difference among the various adhesive approaches.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionFil: Mirotti, Germán. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Departamento de Rehabilitación Bucal. Cátedra de Operatoria I "A”; Argentina.Fil: Lutri, Mónica Paola. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Departamento de Rehabilitación Bucal. Cátedra de Operatoria I "A”; Argentina.Fil: Kraemer, María Elis. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Departamento de Rehabilitación Bucal. Cátedra de Operatoria I "A”; Argentina.Fil: Monserrat, Natalia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Departamento de Rehabilitación Bucal. Cátedra de Operatoria I "A”; Argentina.Fil: Piconi, María Celeste. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Departamento de Rehabilitación Bucal. Cátedra de Operatoria I "A”; Argentina.Fil: Caballero, Alicia L. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Departamento de Rehabilitación Bucal. Cátedra de Operatoria I "A”; Argentina.Fil: Rozas, Carlos A.. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Departamento de Rehabilitación Bucal. Cátedra de Operatoria I "A”; Argentina.Fil: Croharé, Luis M. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Área de Biología Odontológica; Argentina.Fil: Sezin, Mario. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Departamento de Rehabilitación Bucal. Cátedra de Operatoria I "A”; Argentina.Otras Ciencias de la Salu

Assessment of groundwater volumes and quality suitability for different uses

Groundwater resources have a great potential to satisfy human needs. In each case of study, volumes and water quality are essential aspects to be evaluated. The objective of this work is to assess the hydrogeological and geochemical aspects of the unconfined aquifer of the Campus of the National University of Rio Cuarto and its surroundings to determine groundwater reserves and the groundwater quality for irrigation, cattle and human consumption. The results show that there is an important geochemical homogeneity in the studied area and all the water samples are fresh (lt600 uS/cm), most of calcium bicarbonate type. All the analyzed chemical variables show low values and do not surpass the established guidelines for human consumption, irrigation and cattle uses. There is an encouraging scenario with regard to the available groundwater volume. Considering that the aquifer is made up by coarse fluvial sediments and has high hydraulic conductivity and specific porosity, the estimated Regular and Total Reserves are plentiful. Only the regular reserves are enough to supply water to the different activities in the Campus (personnel, garden irrigation and experimental tasks). Also the unconfined aquifer shows an important rate of water annual replenishment from precipitations (20-28%), a very promising situation to the maintenance of groundwater reserves

Correction to: Tocilizumab for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The single-arm TOCIVID-19 prospective trial (Journal of Translational Medicine, (2020), 18, 1, (405), 10.1186/s12967-020-02573-9)

Following publication of the original article [1] the authors identified that the collaborators of the TOCIVID-19 investigators, Italy were only available in the supplementary file. The original article has been updated so that the collaborators are correctly acknowledged. For clarity, all collaborators are listed in this correction article

Tocilizumab for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The single-arm TOCIVID-19 prospective trial

BackgroundTocilizumab blocks pro-inflammatory activity of interleukin-6 (IL-6), involved in pathogenesis of pneumonia the most frequent cause of death in COVID-19 patients.MethodsA multicenter, single-arm, hypothesis-driven trial was planned, according to a phase 2 design, to study the effect of tocilizumab on lethality rates at 14 and 30 days (co-primary endpoints, a priori expected rates being 20 and 35%, respectively). A further prospective cohort of patients, consecutively enrolled after the first cohort was accomplished, was used as a secondary validation dataset. The two cohorts were evaluated jointly in an exploratory multivariable logistic regression model to assess prognostic variables on survival.ResultsIn the primary intention-to-treat (ITT) phase 2 population, 180/301 (59.8%) subjects received tocilizumab, and 67 deaths were observed overall. Lethality rates were equal to 18.4% (97.5% CI: 13.6-24.0, P=0.52) and 22.4% (97.5% CI: 17.2-28.3, P<0.001) at 14 and 30 days, respectively. Lethality rates were lower in the validation dataset, that included 920 patients. No signal of specific drug toxicity was reported. In the exploratory multivariable logistic regression analysis, older age and lower PaO2/FiO2 ratio negatively affected survival, while the concurrent use of steroids was associated with greater survival. A statistically significant interaction was found between tocilizumab and respiratory support, suggesting that tocilizumab might be more effective in patients not requiring mechanical respiratory support at baseline.ConclusionsTocilizumab reduced lethality rate at 30 days compared with null hypothesis, without significant toxicity. Possibly, this effect could be limited to patients not requiring mechanical respiratory support at baseline.Registration EudraCT (2020-001110-38); clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04317092)