Resonance Raman Spectroscopy of the Oxygenated Intermediates of Human CYP19A1 Implicates a Compound I Intermediate in the Final Lyase Step

CYP19A1, or aromatase, a cytochrome P450 responsible for estrogen biosynthesis in humans, is an important therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer. There is still controversy surrounding the identity of reaction intermediate that catalyzes carbon–carbon scission in this key enzyme. Probing the oxy-complexes of CYP19A1 poised for hydroxylase and lyase chemistries using resonance Raman spectroscopy and drawing a comparison with CYP17A1, we have found no significant difference in the frequencies or isotopic shifts for these two steps in CYP19A1. Our experiments implicate the involvement of Compound I in the terminal lyase step of CYP19A1 catalysis

Can Industry 5.0 Technologies Overcome Supply Chain Disruptions? - A Perspective Study on Pandemics, War, and Climate Change Issues

Industry 5.0 (I5.0) is the next industrial revolution that will leverage human intervention in collaboration with intelligent, logical, and smart machines to attain even more user-preferred and resource-efficient manufacturing and supply chain solutions. The main aim of this article is to study I5.0 technologies in supply chains when these are affected by disruptive phenomena such as those created by wars, climate change or pandemics. A systematic literature review methodology was conducted to understand the present knowledge connected with this theme. This study summarises 194 research articles from the period 2009 to 2022 to understand the present knowledge connected with this theme. The research findings show a significant gap related to the adoption of I5.0 technologies to prevent or overcome supply chain disruptions. 194 articles, including journal and review articles, were identified in the literature. The study provides a novel and insightful concept related to I5.0 within the context of supply chain disruptions. The potential applications of I5.0 and Industry 4.0 are elaborately discussed in three areas, namely: (1) disruptions in supply chains due to pandemics; (2) disruptions in supply chains due to war; and (3) disruptions in supply chains due to climate change. Finally, this study highlights research implications and proposes future research avenues that will contribute to further exploring the adoption of I5.0 technologies to prevent, manage and overcome disruptions in supply chains