Tempuyung Leaves (Sonchus arvensis) Ameliorates Monosodium Urate Crystal-Induced Gouty Arthritis in Rats through Anti-Inflammatory Effects

BACKGROUND: Gouty arthritis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by severe pain and swelling in one or more synovial joints, as a result from joint deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. Tempuyung (Sonchus arvensis) is a plant that has been extensively studied in the role of shedding kidney stones and diuretics. It is presumed that it also has great potential in shedding MSU crystals in the joints. AIM: This study focused on exploring the anti-inflammatory role of tempuyung extract (ET) on pro-inflammatory cytokines in gout arthritis white rats. METHODS: The extraction of tempuyung was performed to obtain ET. A total of 30 Wistar rats were randomly divided into the following six groups, each containing five rats: Normal control group, MSU group (negative control), MSU + colchicine group (Col; 0.28 mg/kg), and MSU + ET group (at dose of 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, and 100 mg/kg). Gouty arthritis was induced with 50 ml of MSU solution (20 mg/ml), which was injected into the left ankle joint cavity on day 7. Synovial fluid was evacuated for the examination of Western blotting of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). A portion of synovial tissue was fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde buffer for histopathological examination. Interleukin (IL)-1β levels in the synovial fluid of the joints were examined by IL-1β rat enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis was performed with way ANOVA followed by post hoc. RESULTS: The histopathological image of the MSU model group showed a large number of inflammatory cells depicting an inflammatory reaction. This inflammation response decreased in the ET treatment group in dose-dependent manner. ET showed the effect of decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines expression in both IL-1β and TNF-α, as the dose increased. CONCLUSION: Tempuyung extract possessed an anti-gout arthritis effect in white rats induced by MSU, by reducing the inflammatory response in the synovial joint

Hubungan Polimorfisme Gen Reseptor Angiotensin II Tipe 1 1166 A/C dengan Kejadian Preeklampsia

Latar Belakang:Preeklampsia adalah kelainan multisistem spesifik pada kehamilan yang ditandai oleh timbulnya hipertensi dan protein uria setelah umur kehamilan 20 minggu. Di Indonesia, preeklampsia merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian maternal disamping perdarahan dan infeksi dengan angka kematian sebesar 30-50%. Polimorfisme gen reseptor angiotensin II Tipe 1 akan meningkatkan aktivitas angiotensin II sehingga terjadi kerentanan terhadap kejadian hipertensi esensial.Tujuan penelitian:Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan polimorfisme gen reseptor angiotensin II tipe 1 1166 A/C dengan kejadian preeclampsia. Metode:Penelitian ini dilakukan mulai bulan April sampai dengan Juli 2013 dengan melibatkan 35 responden kelompok kasus dan 35 responden kelompok kontrol. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan studi kasus kontrol.Pemeriksaan genotip gen reseptor angiotensin II tipe 1 dilakukan dengan menggunakan Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorfism (PCR-RFLP). Hasil:Tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna pada karakteristik paritas, gravida dan tingkat pendidikan responden. Didapatkan ada hubungan yang bermakna pada riwayat hipertensi dalam keluarga yang diamati antara kelompok kasus dan kontrol dengan kejadian preeklampsia. Frekuensi genotip pada kelompok kasus adalah AA91,4%, AC8,6% dan kontrol adalah AA88,6%, AC11,4%. Frekuensi alel pada kelompok kasus yaitu A95,7%, C4,3% dan kontrol yaitu A94,7%, alel C5,3%. Polimorfismegenotip gen reseptor angiotensin II tipe 1 1166 A/Ctidak berhubungan dengan kejadian preeklampsia (nilai p=1,000). Tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara alel C pada gen reseptor angiotensin II tipe 1 dengan kejadian preeklampsia (p=1,000). Kesimpulan:Dari hasil penelitian ini tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara polimorfisme genotip dan allotipe reseptor angiotensin II tipe 1 1166 A/C dengan kejadian preeklampsia

Gambir Extract (Uncaria Gambir) Decreases Inflammatory Response and Increases Gastric Mucosal Integrity in Wistar Rats - Model Gastritis

BACKGROUND: Uncaria gambir (local name: gambir) is a plant native to Sumatera, Malaya and Borneo. This plant is potential as local wisdom for therapeutics. In Sumatera, gambir was used as a traditional treatment for fever, diarrhoea, diabetics and wound healing. AIM: To explore the efficacy of gambir extract on TNF alpha level, prostaglandin E2 level, lesson area, body weight, lipid profile and leptin level in Wistar rat-model gastritis. METHODS: This study was an experimental study, with a pre-post-test control group design. The subjects in this study were 30 male rats, 8 weeks old, weight 150-200 gram. Rats were administered with gambir extract at the dose of 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg BW/day for 3 days. Gambir was extracted by maceration methods. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 18. RESULTS: Gambir extract at the dose of 80 mg/kg BW exhibited the highest efficacy in reducing TNF alpha level, lesion area and increasing prostaglandin E2 level compared to gambir extract at doses of 20 mg/kg BW, 400 mg/kg BW, negative control, and positive control. CONCLUSION: Gambir extract was effective in reducing TNF alpha level, lesson area, and increasing prostaglandin E2 level in Wistar rat-model gastritis

Identifikasi Mutasi Gen rpob Ser531Leu Mycobacterium tuberculosis Yang Berhubungan Dengan Resistensi Rifampisin

Tuberkulosis (TB) adalah penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Kasus resistensi M. tuberculosis terhadap rifampisin sudah banyak dilaporkan di dunia termasuk Indonesia. Resistensi terhadap rifampisin pada  M. tuberculosis sebagian besar disebabkan mutasi gen rpoB yang menyandi RNA polymerase subunit ß. Mutasi gen rpoB Ser531Leu yang berhubungan dengan resistensi terhadap Rifampisin paling sering terjadi. Adanya mutasi pada rpoB akan  menyebabkan perubahan pada struktur dan aktivitas target obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi mutasi gen rpoB Ser531Leu Mycobacterium tuberculosis pada sampel yang diambil dari penderita tuberkulosis paru di RSUP dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif terhadap 40 penderita tuberkulosis paru di RSUP dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. Identifikasi mutasi gen rpoB Ser531Leu Mycobacterium tuberculosis dilakukan dengan teknik Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction menggunakan primer rpoB531. Dari 40 isolat gen rpoB kodon 531 didapatkan 70% (21 dari 30) terjadi mutasi, wild type sebanyak 9 isolat (30%) dan isolat yang tidak menghasilkan pita sebanyak 10 isolat. Telah ditemukan mutasi gen rpoB Ser531Leu Mycobacterium tuberculosis pada penderita tuberkulosis paru di RSUP dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang

Angka Kejadian Korban Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas Berdasarkan Hasil Pemeriksaan Luar Visum Et Repertum di RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang Tahun 2011-2013

Kecelakaan lalu lintas merupakan masalah kesehatan yang potensial di Indonesia seiring makin giatnya pembangunan akhir-akhir ini. Jumlah penduduk yang cukup padat dan pembangunan yang pesat menyebabkan mobilitas penduduk menjadi tinggi bisa meningkatkan angka kecelakaan lalu lintas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui angka kejadian korban kecelakaan lalu lintas berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan luar visum et repertum di RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang tahun 2011-2013. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan deskriptif dengan pendekatan serial kasus. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua korban mati yang tercatat dari pemeriksaan luar di Bagian Forensik RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang periode Januari 2011-Desember 2013. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah semua korban kecelakaan lalu lintas di Bagian Forensik RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang periode Januari 2011-Desember 2013.  Subyek penelitian adalah 184 (50,8%) korban kecelakaan lalu lintas. Mayoritas korban adalah laki-laki (78,35%), usia 21-30 tahun (36,4%), pengendara sepeda motor (89,1%), dan mengalami luka robek (40%). Angka kejadian korban kecelakaan lalu lintas berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan luar visum et repertum di RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang adalah (50,8%)

The Effect of Bay Leaf Extract (Syzygium polianthum) Against Cholesterol Regulation in Hypercholesterolemic Rats

Cholesterol is an important precursor that plays a role in the production and regulation of various sterol group compounds, especially steroid hormone compounds, androgen hormone compounds, cortisol compounds, and estrogen compounds. This herb is known to have the effect of improving glucose regulation by increasing glucose intake into cells and tissues. Its ability to improve cell and tissue metabolism is mediated by the content of secondary metabolite compounds. This ability is believed to have the potential to improve cholesterol regulation. Bay leaf extract is effective in lowering cholesterol levels through regulation of Acetyl CoA production

Effect of Bay Leaf Extract (Syzygium polyanthum) on Blood Sugar Regulation via GLUT4 Protein Regulation in Rat Muscle Tissue Induced Aloxan

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition that disturbs the body's blood sugar regulation. Bay leaves contain entirely various secondary metabolites, and this plant is rich in flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenes, and glycosides. This study aims to assess the effect of bay leaf extract (Syzygium polyanthum) on blood sugar levels and the expression of GLUT4 protein in muscle tissue. A total of 30 white rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strains were obtained from the Eureka Research Laboratory (Palembang, Indonesia) weighing between 200 – and 250 grams. Bay leaf Simplicia was obtained from the Tawangmangu Herbal Research Center, Karanganyar, Indonesia. After 1 week of adaptation, the mice were randomly divided into the following six groups, each containing 5 animals: Normal control group, diabetes group (negative control), diabetes + metformin group (Met; 45 mg / kg), Diabetes + BLE (75 mg/kg), diabetes + BLE group (150 mg / kg) and diabetes + BLE group (300 mg/kg). Alloxan-induced white rats showed a very significant increase in blood sugar levels, where the use of the drug metformin was able to reduce blood sugar levels significantly even though they had not reached the target blood glucose target of less than 200 mg / dL. The treatment with bay leaf extract was able to reduce blood sugar levels significantly. The administration of metformin drugs or bay leaf extract showed the ability to increase the level of GLUT4 protein. In conclusion, bay leaf extract affects reducing blood sugar levels in diabetes mellitus white rats by increasing glucose intake in cells and tissues

The Effects of Sambiloto Leaf Extract (Andrographis paniculata) on Blood Sugar Regulation: An In Vivo Study

oai:ojs2.eurekabiomedical.com:article/1Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) is one of the most common plants in Indonesia. Sambiloto contains quite varied secondary metabolites, where this plant is rich in flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenes and glycosides. This study aims to assess the effect of Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) leaf extract on blood sugar levels and the expression of GLUT4 protein in muscle tissue which indicates the potential of the test extract's ability to improve blood glucose intake to cells so that it can maintain blood sugar regulation. The process of extracting sambiloto is carried out by maceration in which 500 grams of simplicia are macerated with 96% ethanol for 72 hours. After 1 week of adaptation, the mice were randomly divided into the following six groups, each containing 5 animals: Normal control group, diabetes group (negative control), diabetes + metformin group (Met; 45 mg/kg), Diabetes + ES group (50 mg/kg), diabetes + ES group (100 mg/kg) and diabetes + ES group (200 mg/kg). The treatment with sambiloto extract was able to reduce blood sugar levels significantly, were at the ES 100 and 200 mg/kg BW doses it was able to reduce blood sugar levels to reach the target below 200 mg/kg BW. The dominant flavonoids in Sambiloto leaf extract are believed to be responsible for the effect of blood glucose regulation. In conclusion, Sambiloto extract affects lowering blood sugar levels in diabetes mellitus white rats by increasing glucose intake in cells and tissues

Indonesian Plants with Potential as Anti-diabetes Mellitus Agent

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a degenerative disease that continues to increase in number in Indonesia and is a disease that is spread throughout the world due to unbalanced nutritional conditions. Treatment of diabetes mellitus is a chronic and lifelong treatment. Treatment of diabetes mellitus, such as the use of insulin and oral antihyperglycemia drugs, is relatively expensive, is used for a long time and can cause unwanted side effects. There are many plants that have potential as antihyperglycemia drugs. One of the active compounds that act as antihyperglycemia is flavonoids.Flavonoids derived from various types of plants studied are thought to act as antihyperglycemic agents. Flavonoids are known to have the ability to scavenge free radicals or act as natural antioxidants. The antioxidant activity of flavonoids is related to phenolic –OH groups which can capture or neutralize free radicals (such as ROS or RNS). Flavonoids can play a role in pancreatic tissue damage caused by DNA alkylation due to alloxan induction as a result of improving the morphology of the rat pancreas

Correlation Between Serum Ferritin Levels and Nutritional Status of Thalassemia-Betta Major Patients

Thalassemia is a chronic disease that requires repeated blood transfusions, due to impaired hemoglobin synthesis due to mutations of one or more globin genes. Continuous transfusion can cause iron accumulation in the body, especially the heart, liver and endocrine organs, and can cause stunted growth and malnutrition or poor nutrition. This study aims to determine the correlation between serum ferritin levels and the nutritional status of thalassemia-betta major patients in RSUP Dr. Moh. Hoesin Palembang. This research is an observational analytic study with cross sectional design. The sample of this study was thalassemia-betta major patient who was hospitalized in the Department of Pediatrics. Mohammad Hoesin from October to November 2016 who met the participation criteria. Of the 43 patients, the majority (60.5%) had lean bodies according to their weight index according to age (BW / U) and were short stature according to their height index according to age (TB / U), but only 14.0% of patients had undernourished nutrition BB / TB index. Obtained average values of serum ferritin 2837.69 g / L, with a range of 278.7-13867 g / L. The results of the correlation test between serum ferritin levels and nutritional status indicate p = 0.326 and r = 0.153. There was no significant correlation between serum ferritin levels and the nutritional status of thalassemia-betta major patients