122 research outputs found
Free Quantum Fields on the Poincare' Group
A class of free quantum fields defined on the Poincare' group, is described
by means of their two-point vacuum expectation values. They are not equivalent
to fields defined on the Minkowski spacetime and they are "elementary" in the
sense that they describe particles that transform according to irreducible
unitary representations of the symmetry group, given by the product of the
Poincare' group and of the group SL(2, C) considered as an internal symmetry
group. Some of these fields describe particles with positive mass and arbitrary
spin and particles with zero mass and arbitrary helicity or with an infinite
helicity spectrum. In each case the allowed SL(2, C) internal quantum numbers
are specified. The properties of local commutativity and the limit in which one
recovers the usual field theories in Minkowski spacetime are discussed. By
means of a superposition of elementary fields, one obtains an example of a
field that present a broken symmetry with respect to the group Sp(4, R), that
survives in the short-distance limit. Finally, the interaction with an
accelerated external source is studied and and it is shown that, in some
theories, the average number of particles emitted per unit of proper time
diverges when the acceleration exceeds a finite critical value.Comment: 49 pages, plain tex with vanilla.st
On a possible approach to the variable-mass problem
The mass operator M is introduced as an independent dynamical variable which
is taken as the translation generator P_4 of the inhomogenous De Sitter group.
The classification of representations of the algebra P(1,4) of this group is
performed and the corresponding P(1,4) invariant equations for variable-mass
particles are written out. In this way we have succeeded, in particular, in
uniting the ``external'' and ``internal'' (SU_2) symmetries in a non-trivial
fashion.Comment: 4 page
Clebsch-Gordan Coefficients for the Extended Quantum-Mechanical Poincar\'e Group and Angular Correlations of Decay Products
This paper describes Clebsch-Gordan coefficients (CGCs) for unitary
irreducible representations (UIRs) of the extended quantum mechanical
Poincar\'e group \pt. `Extended' refers to the extension of the 10 parameter
Lie group that is the Poincar\'e group by the discrete symmetries , , and
; `quantum mechanical' refers to the fact that we consider projective
representations of the group. The particular set of CGCs presented here are
applicable to the problem of the reduction of the direct product of two
massive, unitary irreducible representations (UIRs) of \pt with positive
energy to irreducible components. Of the sixteen inequivalent representations
of the discrete symmetries, the two standard representations with are considered. Also included in the analysis are additive internal
quantum numbers specifying the superselection sector. As an example, these CGCs
are applied to the decay process of the meson.Comment: 26 pages, double spaced. Version 2: typos corrected, introduction
change
Phase-Space Description of Momentum Spectra in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
We consider a phase-space model for particle production in nuclear
collisions. Once the multiplicities of the individual particle species are
known, single-inclusive momentum spectra can be computed after making
simplifying assumptions for the matrix element for multiparticle production.
Comparison of the calculated spectra with data for pions and kaons from central
Pb+Pb collisions at E_{Lab}=158 AGeV reveals a residual longitudinal
phase-space dominance in the final state of the reaction. We account for this
by modifying the isotropic, relativistic invariant phase space in a way which
retains boost invariance in beam direction but suppresses large transverse
momenta. Adjusting a single parameter, we obtain a reasonably good description
of transverse momentum and rapidity spectra for both pions and kaons.Comment: 23 pages, 15 figures, revtex4, v3: minor revision
Field on Poincare group and quantum description of orientable objects
We propose an approach to the quantum-mechanical description of relativistic
orientable objects. It generalizes Wigner's ideas concerning the treatment of
nonrelativistic orientable objects (in particular, a nonrelativistic rotator)
with the help of two reference frames (space-fixed and body-fixed). A technical
realization of this generalization (for instance, in 3+1 dimensions) amounts to
introducing wave functions that depend on elements of the Poincare group . A
complete set of transformations that test the symmetries of an orientable
object and of the embedding space belongs to the group . All
such transformations can be studied by considering a generalized regular
representation of in the space of scalar functions on the group, ,
that depend on the Minkowski space points as well as on the
orientation variables given by the elements of a matrix .
In particular, the field is a generating function of usual spin-tensor
multicomponent fields. In the theory under consideration, there are four
different types of spinors, and an orientable object is characterized by ten
quantum numbers. We study the corresponding relativistic wave equations and
their symmetry properties.Comment: 46 page
Difficulty with a kinematic concept of unstable particles: the SZ.-Nagy extension and the Matthews-Salam-Zwanziger representation
We discuss the possibility of describing unstable systems, or dissipative systems in general, by vectors in a Hilbert space, evolving in time according to some non-unitary group or semigroup of translations. If the states of the unstable or dissipative system are embedded in a larger Hilbert space containing âdecay productsâ as well, so that the time evolution of the system as a whole becomes unitary, we show that the infinitesimal generator necessarily has all energies from minus to plus infinity in its spectrum. This result supplements and extends the well-known fact that a positive energy spectrum is incompatible with a decay law bounded by a decreasing exponential. As an example of both facts, we discuss Zwanziger's irreducible, nonunitary representation of the PoincarĂ© group; and we find its minimal, unitary extension (the Sz.-Nagy construction). The answer provides a mathematically canonical approach to the Matthews-Salam theory of wave functions for unstable, elementary particles, where the spectrum difficulty was already recognized. We speculate on the possibility that the Matthews-Salam-Zwanziger representation might be a strong coupling approximation in the relativistic version of the Wigner-Weisskopf theory, but we have not shown the existence of a physically acceptable model where that is so.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/46496/1/220_2005_Article_BF01645753.pd
âBiological Geometry Perceptionâ: Visual Discrimination of Eccentricity Is Related to Individual Motor Preferences
In the continuum between a stroke and a circle including all possible ellipses, some eccentricities seem more âbiologically preferredâ than others by the motor system, probably because they imply less demanding coordination patterns. Based on the idea that biological motion perception relies on knowledge of the laws that govern the motor system, we investigated whether motorically preferential and non-preferential eccentricities are visually discriminated differently. In contrast with previous studies that were interested in the effect of kinematic/time features of movements on their visual perception, we focused on geometric/spatial features, and therefore used a static visual display.In a dual-task paradigm, participants visually discriminated 13 static ellipses of various eccentricities while performing a finger-thumb opposition sequence with either the dominant or the non-dominant hand. Our assumption was that because the movements used to trace ellipses are strongly lateralized, a motor task performed with the dominant hand should affect the simultaneous visual discrimination more strongly. We found that visual discrimination was not affected when the motor task was performed by the non-dominant hand. Conversely, it was impaired when the motor task was performed with the dominant hand, but only for the ellipses that we defined as preferred by the motor system, based on an assessment of individual preferences during an independent graphomotor task.Visual discrimination of ellipses depends on the state of the motor neural networks controlling the dominant hand, but only when their eccentricity is âbiologically preferredâ. Importantly, this effect emerges on the basis of a static display, suggesting that what we call âbiological geometryâ, i.e., geometric features resulting from preferential movements is relevant information for the visual processing of bidimensional shapes
Impact de la violence télévisuelle
The aim of Lilina Lurçat's research is to understand how watching television and the content of certain programmes effect the attitudes and behaviour of young children. Walton's elaboration of a theory of the emotions is of particular relevance.L'objectif des recherches de Liliane Lurçat est de comprendre comment la situation télévisuelle et le contenu des programmes agissent sur les attitudes et les conduites des jeunes enfants. Pour cela les concepts de Wallon élaborés dans sa théorie des émotions s'avÚrent d'une grande pertinence.Lurçat Liliane. Impact de la violence télévisuelle. In: Enfance, tome 43, n°1-2, 1990. pp. 167-171
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