A complete set of covariants of the four qubit system

We obtain a complete and minimal set of 170 generators for the algebra of SL(2,\C)^{\times 4}-covariants of a binary quadrilinear form. Interpreted in terms of a four qubit system, this describes in particular the algebraic varieties formed by the orbits of local filtering operations in its projective Hilbert space. Also, this sheds some light on the local unitary invariants, and provides all the possible building blocks for the construction of entanglement measures for such a system.Comment: 14 pages, IOP macros; slightly expanded versio

New invariants for entangled states

We propose new algebraic invariants that distinguish and classify entangled states. Considering qubits as well as higher spin systems, we obtained complete entanglement classifications for cases that were either unsolved or only conjectured in the literature.Comment: published versio

On the geometry of a class of N-qubit entanglement monotones

A family of N-qubit entanglement monotones invariant under stochastic local operations and classical communication (SLOCC) is defined. This class of entanglement monotones includes the well-known examples of the concurrence, the three-tangle, and some of the four, five and N-qubit SLOCC invariants introduced recently. The construction of these invariants is based on bipartite partitions of the Hilbert space in the form ${\bf C}^{2^N}\simeq{\bf C}^L\otimes{\bf C}^l$ with $L=2^{N-n}\geq l=2^n$. Such partitions can be given a nice geometrical interpretation in terms of Grassmannians Gr(L,l) of l-planes in ${\bf C}^L$ that can be realized as the zero locus of quadratic polinomials in the complex projective space of suitable dimension via the Plucker embedding. The invariants are neatly expressed in terms of the Plucker coordinates of the Grassmannian.Comment: 7 pages RevTex, Submitted to Physical Review

On the geometry of four qubit invariants

The geometry of four-qubit entanglement is investigated. We replace some of the polynomial invariants for four-qubits introduced recently by new ones of direct geometrical meaning. It is shown that these invariants describe four points, six lines and four planes in complex projective space ${\bf CP}^3$. For the generic entanglement class of stochastic local operations and classical communication they take a very simple form related to the elementary symmetric polynomials in four complex variables. Moreover, their magnitudes are entanglement monotones that fit nicely into the geometric set of $n$-qubit ones related to Grassmannians of $l$-planes found recently. We also show that in terms of these invariants the hyperdeterminant of order 24 in the four-qubit amplitudes takes a more instructive form than the previously published expressions available in the literature. Finally in order to understand two, three and four-qubit entanglement in geometric terms we propose a unified setting based on ${\bf CP}^3$ furnished with a fixed quadric.Comment: 19 page

A Hopf laboratory for symmetric functions

An analysis of symmetric function theory is given from the perspective of the underlying Hopf and bi-algebraic structures. These are presented explicitly in terms of standard symmetric function operations. Particular attention is focussed on Laplace pairing, Sweedler cohomology for 1- and 2-cochains, and twisted products (Rota cliffordizations) induced by branching operators in the symmetric function context. The latter are shown to include the algebras of symmetric functions of orthogonal and symplectic type. A commentary on related issues in the combinatorial approach to quantum field theory is given.Comment: 29 pages, LaTeX, uses amsmat

An algebraic classification of entangled states

We provide a classification of entangled states that uses new discrete entanglement invariants. The invariants are defined by algebraic properties of linear maps associated with the states. We prove a theorem on a correspondence between the invariants and sets of equivalent classes of entangled states. The new method works for an arbitrary finite number of finite-dimensional state subspaces. As an application of the method, we considered a large selection of cases of three subspaces of various dimensions. We also obtain an entanglement classification of four qubits, where we find 27 fundamental sets of classes.Comment: published versio