Artificial intelligence : A powerful paradigm for scientific research

Y Artificial intelligence (AI) coupled with promising machine learning (ML) techniques well known from computer science is broadly affecting many aspects of various fields including science and technology, industry, and even our day-to-day life. The ML techniques have been developed to analyze high-throughput data with a view to obtaining useful insights, categorizing, predicting, and making evidence-based decisions in novel ways, which will promote the growth of novel applications and fuel the sustainable booming of AI. This paper undertakes a comprehensive survey on the development and application of AI in different aspects of fundamental sciences, including information science, mathematics, medical science, materials science, geoscience, life science, physics, and chemistry. The challenges that each discipline of science meets, and the potentials of AI techniques to handle these challenges, are discussed in detail. Moreover, we shed light on new research trends entailing the integration of AI into each scientific discipline. The aim of this paper is to provide a broad research guideline on fundamental sciences with potential infusion of AI, to help motivate researchers to deeply understand the state-of-the-art applications of AI-based fundamental sciences, and thereby to help promote the continuous development of these fundamental sciences.Peer reviewe

A highly selective fluorogenic probe for the detection and in vivo imaging of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase

Copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD) is an essential enzyme that protects tissue from oxidative damage. Herein we report the first fluorogenic probe (SODO) for the detection and in vivo imaging of Cu/Zn SOD. SODO represents a unique chemical probe for translational imaging studies of Cu/Zn SOD in inflammatory disorders.1110sciescopu

Policy-Based Chameleon Hash with Black-Box Traceability for Redactable Blockchain in IoT

Blockchain has become an integral part of various IoT applications, and it has been successful in boosting performance in various aspects. Applying blockchain as a trust solution for Internet-of-Things is a viable approach. The immutability of blockchain is essential to prevent anyone from manipulating registered IoT data transactions for illegitimate benefits. However, the increasing abuse of blockchain storage negatively impacts the development of IoT blockchain and potential stakeholders are discouraged from joining the IoT data sharing as the IoT data recorded on the blockchain contains private information. Hence, it is crucial to find ways to redact data stored on the IoT blockchain, which is also supported by relevant laws and regulations. Policy-based chameleon hash is useful primitive for blockchain rewriting, allowing the modifier to rewrite the transaction if they possess enough rewriting privileges that satisfy the access policy. However, this approach lacks traceability, which can be exploited by malicious modifiers to grant unauthorized user modification privileges for personal gain. To overcome this deficiency, we introduce a new design of policy-based chameleon hash with black-box traceability (PCHT), which enables the authority to identify the set of producers responsible for generating the pirate decoder. Specifically, PCHT is constructed by practical attribute-based encryption with black-box traceability (ABET) and collision-resistant chameleon hash with ephemeral trapdoor (CHET). After modeling PCHT, we present its concrete instantiation and rigorous security proofs. Finally, a PCHT-based redactable transaction scheme for IoT blockchain is given. Compared to the state-of-the-art mutable blockchain solutions, our scheme provides fine-grained blockchain rewriting and black-box traceability. The evaluation results demonstrate that our scheme is efficient and practical while still ensuring that no computational overhead is placed on IoT devices with limited computing resources

BSSPD: A Blockchain-Based Security Sharing Scheme for Personal Data with Fine-Grained Access Control

Privacy protection and open sharing are the core of data governance in the AI-driven era. A common data-sharing management platform is indispensable in the existing data-sharing solutions, and users upload their data to the cloud server for storage and dissemination. However, from the moment users upload the data to the server, they will lose absolute ownership of their data, and security and privacy will become a critical issue. Although data encryption and access control are considered up-and-coming technologies in protecting personal data security on the cloud server, they alleviate this problem to a certain extent. However, it still depends too much on a third-party organization’s credibility, the Cloud Service Provider (CSP). In this paper, we combined blockchain, ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE), and InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) to address this problem to propose a blockchain-based security sharing scheme for personal data named BSSPD. In this user-centric scheme, the data owner encrypts the sharing data and stores it on IPFS, which maximizes the scheme’s decentralization. The address and the decryption key of the shared data will be encrypted with CP-ABE according to the specific access policy, and the data owner uses blockchain to publish his data-related information and distribute keys for data users. Only the data user whose attributes meet the access policy can download and decrypt the data. The data owner has fine-grained access control over his data, and BSSPD supports an attribute-level revocation of a specific data user without affecting others. To further protect the data user’s privacy, the ciphertext keyword search is used when retrieving data. We analyzed the security of the BBSPD and simulated our scheme on the EOS blockchain, which proved that our scheme is feasible. Meanwhile, we provided a thorough analysis of the storage and computing overhead, which proved that BSSPD has a good performance

Development of a disaggregation-induced emission probe for the detection of RecA inteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A fluorescent sensor - InR - with disaggregation-induced emission (DIE) characteristics has been developed for the label free detection of RecA inteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that InR binds at a hydrophobic pocket of RecA inteins, which is constituted by Gly435, Glu434, Arg405 and Arg 7, resulting in the disaggregation and recovery of its fluorescence.112sciescopu

Dual Synthetic Jets Actuator and Its Applications—Part III: Impingement Flow Field and Cooling Characteristics of Vectoring Dual Synthetic Jets

In order to understand the impingement flow field and cooling characteristics of vectoring dual synthetic jets (DSJ), an experimental investigation was performed to analyze the parameter effects. With the variation of the slot location, the vectoring angle of DSJ can be adjusted from 34.5° toward the left to 29.5° toward the right. The vectoring function can greatly extend the length of impingement region. There are three local peaks both for the local cooling performance (Nu) and the whole cooling performance (Nuavg). Although the peak Nu at a certain location of the slider is higher than that at the center, the corresponding Nuavg is lower. As for different driving frequencies, the vectoring angle reaches its minimum of 9.7° at 350 Hz, but the Nu is obviously improved. There is one local peak of Nuavg values at 350 Hz rather than three local peaks at 250 Hz and 450 Hz. The slot locations where the Nuavg of 250 Hz and 450 Hz reach maximum are different. With the increase in driving voltage from ±100 V to ±200 V, the vectoring angle drops from 46.9° to 22.2°, but both Nu and Nuavg are improved. The maximum Nuavg of each driving voltage occurs at the center location of the slider. The choking effect and the cross flow have dominated the vectoring angle and the cooling performance of impingement DSJ. Vectoring DSJ will give impetus to the thermal management of large-area electric devices in spaced-constrained cooling and removing dynamic hotspots