Mixed-Spin Pairing Condensates in Heavy Nuclei

We show that the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations for nuclear ground-state wave functions support solutions in which the condensate has a mixture of spin-singlet and spin-triplet pairing. We find that such mixed-spin condensates do not occur when there are equal numbers of neutrons and protons, but only when there is an isospin imbalance. Using a phenomenological Hamiltonian, we predict that such nuclei may occur in the physical region within the proton dripline. We also solve the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations with variable constraints on the spin-singlet and spin-triplet pairing amplitudes. For nuclei that exhibit this new pairing behavior, the resulting energy surface can be rather soft, suggesting that there may be low-lying excitations associated with the spin mixing.Comment: 4+ pages, 3 figures, 1 table; 1 reference added; v2 corresponds to the published versio

Chronic toxicity of inhaled thymol in lungs and respiratory tracts in mouse model.

Epinephrine HFA (Primatene® Mist) is a newly formulated asthma metered dose inhaler developed to replace the previous Primatene® Mist CFC. The formulation of Epinephrine HFA contains thymol, a substance recognized to be safe by the FDA. Although the content of thymol contained in Epinephrine HFA is much lower compared to many common foods and medications available, there are no known nonclinical data about the chronic toxicity of thymol through inhalation. Two sequential 6-month studies of identical design were conducted to assess the chronic toxicity of inhaled thymol in mice. Four treatment groups, (a) Air; (b) vehicle control; (c) Article-1 (thymol 0.1%); and (d) Article-2 (thymol 0.5%) were assessed in 128 mice for 26 weeks. The mice were sacrificed at the end of the treatment period and a histopathologic evaluation was performed with respect to lungs, bronchial lymph nodes, nasal passages/nasopharynx, and trachea. Forty-five pathologic assessment parameters (PAPs) were evaluated. In total, 5591 data points from 487 mouse organs were assessed. Chronic toxicity index was calculated for 16 PAPs that had multiple histopathologic abnormal observations. The t tests were conducted for these 16 PAPs (Articles-1 and 2 versus Air and vehicle control, respectively), and all P-values were greater than .05 indicating no significant differences between all treatment groups. An evaluation was also conducted for 25 PAPs that had only a very small number of pathologic abnormalities. No significant differences for chronic toxicity were found when comparing mice under long-term repeated exposure of high doses of inhaled thymol and mice that inhaled no thymol

Intruder level and deformation in the SD-pair shell model

The influence of the intruder level on nuclear deformation is studied within the framework of the nucleon-pair shell model truncated to an SD-pair subspace. The results suggest that the intruder level has a tendency to soften the deformation and plays an important role in determining the onset of rotational behavior.Comment: 2 input TeX files, 2 figures, submitted to Phys. Lett.

Spin-triplet pairing in large nuclei

The nuclear pairing condensate is expected to change character from spin-singlet to spin-triplet when the nucleus is very large and the neutron and proton numbers $Z,N$ are equal. We investigate the transition between these two phases within the framework of the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov equations, using a zero-range interaction to generate the pairing. We confirm that extremely large nucleus would indeed favor triplet pairing condensates, with the Hamiltonian parameters taken from known systematics. The favored phase is found to depend on the specific orbitals at the Fermi energy. The smallest nuclei with a well-developed spin-triplet condensate are in the mass region A ~ 130-140.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, 2 table

Pharmacokinetic study of thymol after intravenous injection and high-dose inhalation in mouse model.

Thymol is generally recognized as a safe substance by the FDA and has been widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. Pharmacokinetic (PK) studies of thymol have been previously conducted for oral administration, but there has been no PK study for inhalation administration or intravenous (IV) injection. This study aims at exploring and comparing the inhalation and IV PK profile of thymol in a mouse model. The inhalation PK for mouse model was corrected with fur/skin absorption. Thirty-two male CD-1 mice were randomized into two study arms, Arm-A for intravenous (n = 16) and Arm-B for inhalation (n = 16). The amount of thymol in the mouse serum was measured for Arm-A and for Arm-B at the highest dose. Furthermore, 48 mice were utilized for fur/skin absorption of thymol. In total, 320 mouse serum samples for thymol were analyzed by LC/MS method. After inhalation, the peak concentration of thymol in mouse serum was 42.3 ng/mL (Cmax ) and occurred at 2 minutes (tmax ). The AUC of the inhaled thymol at 0-60 minutes (AUC0-60) was 464 ng/mL/min. From 10-60 minutes post-dose, the PK inhalation curve appeared to be higher than that for the IV injection. This is likely attributed to the effect of absorption of thymol through the fur/skin of mice. After an adjustment by fur/skin absorption, the PK profile for net inhalation closely matched the two-compartment model. In fact, the bioavailability for the net inhalation of thymol was 74% and 77% relative to that for IV injection per AUC0-60min and AUC0-infinite, respectively

Six-dimensional weak-strong simulations of head-on beam-beam compensation in RHIC

To compensate the large beam-beam tune spread and beam-beam resonance driving terms in the polarized proton operation in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), we will introduce a low-energy DC electron beam into each ring to collide head-on with the opposing proton beam. The device to provide the electron beam is called an electron lens. In this article, using a 6-D weak-strong-beam-beam interaction simulation model, we investigate the effects of head-on beam-beam compensation with electron lenses on the proton beam dynamics in the RHIC 250 GeV polarized proton operation. This article is abridged from the published article [1].Comment: 5 pages, contribution to the ICFA Mini-Workshop on Beam-Beam Effects in Hadron Colliders, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 18-22 Mar 201

Disordered Kondo Nanoclusters: Effect of Energy Spacing

Exact diagonalization results for Kondo nanoclusters alloyed with mixed valence impurities show that tuning the {\it energy spacing}, $\Delta$, drives the system from the Kondo to the RKKY regime. The interplay of $\Delta$ and disorder gives rise to a $\Delta$ versus concentration T=0 phase diagram very rich in structure, where regions with prevailing Kondo or RKKY correlations alternate with domains of ferromagnetic order. The local Kondo temperatures, $T_K$, and RKKY interactions depend strongly on the local environment and are overall {\it enhanced} by disorder, in contrast to the hypothesis of ``Kondo disorder'' single-impurity models.Comment: 4pages 4 figuresDisordered Kondo Nanoclusters: Effect of Energy Spacin