Optimal Design of a High Temperature Superconducting Homopolar Inductor Machine

A high temperature superconducting homopolar inductor machine (HTS-HIM) is optimally designed considering the effect of magnetic field on HTS coil in this paper. Firstly, the structure and operation principle of HTS-HIM are presented. The three-dimensional HTS-HIM finite element analysis model and two-dimensional axisymmetric direct coupling model of HTS-HIM based on T-A formulation are established. Secondly, the excitation window parameters, the excitation current and number of turns of HTS coil are optimized, taking into account the HTS-HIM performance and the safety of HTS coil. Thirdly, the magnetic field weakening capabilities of the U-shaped flux diverter and copper layer are analyzed and their parameters are optimized. Finally, the optimal design scheme and the critical current of HTS coil in HTS-HIM are obtained

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of saccharopolyspora spinosa SP06081 and PR2 strains reveals the differentially expressed proteins correlated with the increase of spinosad yield

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Saccharopolyspora spinosa </it>produces the environment-friendly biopesticide spinosad, a mixture of two polyketide-derived macrolide active ingredients called spinosyns A and D. Therefore considerable interest is in the improvement of spinosad production because of its low yield in wild-type <it>S. spinosa</it>. Recently, a spinosad-hyperproducing PR2 strain with stable heredity was obtained from protoplast regeneration of the wild-type <it>S. spinosa </it>SP06081 strain. A comparative proteomic analysis was performed on the two strains during the first rapid growth phase (RG1) in seed medium (SM) by using label-free quantitative proteomics to investigate the underlying mechanism leading to the enhancement of spinosad yield.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In total, 224 proteins from the SP06081 strain and 204 proteins from the PR2 strain were unambiguously identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis, sharing 140 proteins. A total of 12 proteins directly related to spinosad biosynthesis were identified from the two strains in RG1. Comparative analysis of the shared proteins revealed that approximately 31% of them changed their abundance significantly and fell in all of the functional groups, such as tricarboxylic acid cycles, glycolysis, biosynthetic processes, catabolic processes, transcription, translation, oxidation and reduction. Several key enzymes involved in the synthesis of primary metabolic intermediates used as precursors for spinosad production, energy supply, polyketide chain assembly, deoxysugar methylation, and antioxidative stress were differentially expressed in the same pattern of facilitating spinosad production by the PR2 strain. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that four of five selected genes showed a positive correlation between changes at the translational and transcriptional expression level, which further confirmed the proteomic analysis.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The present study is the first comprehensive and comparative proteome analysis of <it>S. spinosa </it>strains. Our results highlight the differentially expressed proteins between the two <it>S. spinosa </it>strains and provide some clues to understand the molecular and metabolic mechanisms that could lead to the increased spinosad production yield.</p

Formation of Maillard Reaction Products in Heat-Treated Torreya grandis cv. Merrilli Seed Oil and Their Effects on Two Analytical Methods for the Determination of Total Phenolics

The occurrence of Maillard reaction in heated Torreya grandis cv. Merrilli seed oil was verified by detecting browning index and the contents of the Maillard reaction products (MRPs) 3-deoxyglucosone, methylglyoxal and 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural, and the effects of the MRPs on the quantification of total phenolics using the Folin-Ciocalteu and Fast Blue BB assays were explored. The Folin-Ciocalteu assay showed that the content of total phenolics in the oil increased after treatment at 150 ℃ for 90 to 120 min, while the Fast Blue BB assay showed the opposite result. It was also observed that the absorbance of the oil at a wavelength of 294 nm increased after long-term low-temperature or high-temperature heat treatment. 3-Deoxyglucosone (0.21–0.47 μg/g) and 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (0.06–0.40 μg/g) were detected only in the 150 ℃ treated oil, while methylglyoxal (0.67–1.73 μg/g) existed in both oil samples. In the Folin-Ciocalteu assay, the absorbance at a wavelength of 765 nm of 3-deoxyglucosone and methylglyoxal linearly increased with an increase in their concentrations, and the decreasing order of the absorbance of the MRPs at the same concentration was 3-deoxyglucosone > methylglyoxal > 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural. In the presence of 3-deoxyglucosone, the Folin-Ciocalteu result was greater than the actual value, and the degree of interference was not related to the content of total phenolics in samples, but instead was positively correlated with the concentration of 3-deoxyglucosone. In the Fast Blue BB assay, there was no significant difference in absorbance at 420 nm among the three MRPs. For food matrices prone to the formation of 3-deoxyglucosone and methylglyoxal during processing, the Fast Blue BB assay can be selected instead of the Folin-Ciocalteu assay to mitigate the interferences from the two substances in the quantification of total phenolics

Simulating the 1998 spring bloom in Lake Michigan using a coupled physical‐biological model

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/95047/1/jgrc12526.pd

A novel dilated contextual attention module for breast cancer mitosis cell detection

Background and object: Mitotic count (MC) is a critical histological parameter for accurately assessing the degree of invasiveness in breast cancer, holding significant clinical value for cancer treatment and prognosis. However, accurately identifying mitotic cells poses a challenge due to their morphological and size diversity.Objective: We propose a novel end-to-end deep-learning method for identifying mitotic cells in breast cancer pathological images, with the aim of enhancing the performance of recognizing mitotic cells.Methods: We introduced the Dilated Cascading Network (DilCasNet) composed of detection and classification stages. To enhance the model’s ability to capture distant feature dependencies in mitotic cells, we devised a novel Dilated Contextual Attention Module (DiCoA) that utilizes sparse global attention during the detection. For reclassifying mitotic cell areas localized in the detection stage, we integrate the EfficientNet-B7 and VGG16 pre-trained models (InPreMo) in the classification step.Results: Based on the canine mammary carcinoma (CMC) mitosis dataset, DilCasNet demonstrates superior overall performance compared to the benchmark model. The specific metrics of the model’s performance are as follows: F1 score of 82.9%, Precision of 82.6%, and Recall of 83.2%. With the incorporation of the DiCoA attention module, the model exhibited an improvement of over 3.5% in the F1 during the detection stage.Conclusion: The DilCasNet achieved a favorable detection performance of mitotic cells in breast cancer and provides a solution for detecting mitotic cells in pathological images of other cancers

Inter-patient ECG heartbeat classification for arrhythmia classification: a new approach of multi-layer perceptron with weight capsule and sequence-to-sequence combination

Objective: The objective of this research is to construct a method to alleviate the problem of sample imbalance in classification, especially for arrhythmia classification. This approach can improve the performance of the model without using data enhancement.Methods: In this study, we have developed a new Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) block and have used a Weight Capsule (WCapsule) network with MLP combined with sequence-to-sequence (Seq2Seq) network to classify arrhythmias. Our work is based on the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database, the original electrocardiogram (ECG) data is classified according to the criteria recommended by the American Association for Medical Instrumentation (AAMI). Also, our method’s performance is further evaluated.Results: The proposed model is evaluated using the inter-patient paradigm. Our proposed method shows an accuracy (ACC) of 99.88% under sample imbalance. For Class N, sensitivity (SEN) is 99.79%, positive predictive value (PPV) is 99.90%, and specificity (SPEC) is 99.19%. For Class S, SEN is 97.66%, PPV is 96.14%, and SPEC is 99.85%. For Class V, SEN is 99.97%, PPV is 99.07%, and SPEC is 99.94%. For Class F, SEN is 97.94%, PPV is 98.70%, and SPEC is 99.99%. When using only half of the training sample, our method shows that the SEN of Class N and V is 0.97% and 5.27% higher than the traditional machine learning algorithm.Conclusion: The proposed method combines MLP, weight capsule network with Seq2seq network, effectively addresses the problem of sample imbalance in arrhythmia classification, and produces good performance. Our method also shows promising potential in less samples

Design of HTS Excitation Coil for Homopolar Inductor Machine Considering Critical Current Reduction of Local Turn

The high temperature superconducting homopolar inductor machine (HTS-HIM) is identified as a promising candidate for the high-speed field of superconducting machine. The reliability and performance of HTS-HIM is closely related to the critical current of its HTS excitation coil. However, the critical current is limited by the turn with the highest risk of quench, which means that not all the turns of HTS coil can achieve the best performance. Targeting ensures the reliability of HTS-HIM and enhance the utilization rate of HTS tape, the HTS coil is designed considering the critical current reduction of local turn in this paper. Firstly, the operation principle of HTS-HIM is illustrated, and the design process is given. Then, the feasibility of calculating critical current using constant sweep rate method is described, and the HTS coil of a 10 kW HTS-HIM is designed utilizing the MAX criterion. Thirdly, the external field of the HTS coil is analyzed based on the simplified model of HTS-HIM. According to the external field distribution, an easily installed L-shaped flux diverter is proposed to suppress critical current reduction of local turn of HTS coil. The results show that the current safety margin is increased by 24 % at the cost of very little extra loss and weight through the proposed method

Nimotuzumab Combined with Chemotherapy as Second- or Later-line in the Treatment of Advanced Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Background and objective Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is commonly overexpressed in lung squamous cell carcinoma and has been associated with impaired prognosis. The aim of this study was to observe the efficacy and safety of nimotuzumab, a anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody, combined with chemotherapy as second- or later-line in the treatment of advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma. Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical data was conducted in 13 patients with advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma, who were administered with nimotuzumab combined with chemotherapy as second-line or later-line treatment. The efficacy of therapy was evaluated according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 and safety by National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI-CTC) 4.0. Results Of the 13 advanced squamous-cell lung cancer patients, one patient had complete response (CR), 2 patients had partial response (PR), 4 cases had stable disease (SD), and 6 patients had progressive disease. The overall response rate (ORR) was 23.1% and clinical benefit rate (CBR) was 53.8%. EGFR expression were detected by immunohistochemistry in 6 patients and the results showed 5 patients were EGFR 3+ and the other was EGFR 2+. Of these 6 EGFR positive patients, 1 case had CR, 1 case had PR and 4 cases had SD; ORR was 33.3% and CBR was 100.0%. Grade 3/4 hematological toxicities were observed in 3 (23.1%) patients, and non-hametological toxicities were mild. Nimotuzumab-associated skin rash was found in 2 (15.4%) patients. Conclusion Nimotuzumab combined with chemotherapy as second- or later-line therapy for advanced squamous cell lung carcinoma was active and well-tolerated, especially for those patients with EGFR positive

Clinical Analysis of 58 Patients with Small Cell Lung Cancer Combined with Squamous Cell Cancer

Background and objective Small cell lung cancer combined with squamous cell carcinoma are rare. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinicopathological characteristics and treatment, and explored the prognostic factors of this disease. Methods Between January 2004 and December 2012, 58 patients with cytopathologically confirmed small cell lung cancers combined with squamous cell carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to calculate the survival rate, and Log-rank test was used to examine differences between arms. The Cox regression model was used to analyze the independent factors affecting the overall survival (OS). Results The OS of the 58 patients was 22.7 months with a range of 0.3 to 124.3 months. In univariate analysis, Karnofsky performance score before treatment, extensive disease, tumor stage were the considered prognostic factors affecting the OS rate (P<0.05). Cox multivariate analysis showed that only the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage was the independent prognostic factor (P=0.019). The majority of the patients received multimodality therapy and chemotherapy was the main treatment. Distant metastasis was the main reasonfor the treatment failure. Conclusion Combined therapy with chemotherapy as the main treatment should be adopted in therapeutic regimen of the patients with small cell lung cancers combined with squamous cell carcinoma. TNM stage was the independent prognostic factor influencing the OS