2-Methyl­carbamoyl-4-{4-[3-(trifluoro­meth­yl)benzamido]phen­oxy}pyridinium 4-methyl­benzene­sulfonate monohydrate

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C21H17F3N3O3 +·C7H7O3S−·H2O, contains two formula units. In one of the cations, the pyridinium and trifluoro­methyl benzene rings form dihedral angles of 87.42 (8) and 45.92 (8)°, respectively, with the central benzene ring [79.56 (8) and 43.52 (8)° in the other cation]. In the crystal structure, N—H⋯O, O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the ions and water mol­ecules, forming a three-dimensional network

4-[4-(3-Methoxy­benzamido)phen­oxy]-N-methyl­picolinamide

In the title compound, C21H19N3O4, the central benzene ring makes dihedral angles of 78.54 (6) and 75.30 (6)° with the pyridine and 3-methoxy­phenyl rings, respectively. An intra­molecular N—H⋯N interaction occurs, generating an S(?). The crystal packing shows inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter­actions between the N—H groups and the O atoms of the 3-methoxy­phenyl ring and the carbonyl groups of the amide functions. Inter­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions are also present

4-{[4-(3,5-Dimeth­oxy­benzamido)­phen­yl]sulfan­yl}-N-methyl­pyridine-2-carboxamide

There are two independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C22H21N3O4S. The central benzene ring makes dihedral angles of 74.28 (6) and 68.84 (6)° with the pyridine and 3,5-dimeth­oxy­phenyl rings, respectively, in one molecule [86.66 (6) and 81.14 (6)° respectively, in the other]. Each of the mol­ecules forms a centrosymmetric dimer with another mol­ecule via pairs of inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. These hydrogen bonds connect the N—H groups and the O atoms of the carbonyl groups next to the 3,5-dimeth­oxy­phenyl rings. Additional inter­molecular N—H⋯O inter­actions link the dimers in the crystal structure

Optimization of the thermal environment of a small-scale data center in China

In data centers, a large number of IT sever racks with different heat dissipation rates are arranged in multiple rows, leading to much higher per-unit heat release and therefore more uneven temperature distribution than in general buildings. This paper chooses a small-scale data center located in China to analyze the thermal environment for the operation of these critical equipments. The wind speed and temperature in the data center were measured, and a corresponding computer room model was established via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation software. Based on it, the characteristics of flow field and temperature field of the data center were analyzed. The optimization methods for problem of uneven temperature distribution and chaotic air supply in the data center were proposed and verified by evaluation index. Furthermore, the return temperature index(RHI) increased from 0.918 to 0.93, the return heat index(RTI) reduced from 0.222 to 0.342

PtoMYB031, the R2R3 MYB transcription factor involved in secondary cell wall biosynthesis in poplar

IntroductionThe biosynthesis of the secondary cell wall (SCW) is orchestrated by an intricate hierarchical transcriptional regulatory network. This network is initiated by first-layer master switches, SCW-NAC transcription factors, which in turn activate the second-layer master switches MYBs. These switches play a crucial role in regulating xylem specification and differentiation during SCW formation. However, the roles of most MYBs in woody plants are yet to be fully understood.MethodsIn this study, we identified and isolated the R2R3-MYB transcription factor, PtoMYB031, from Populus tomentosa. We explored its expression, mainly in xylem tissues, and its role as a transcriptional repressor in the nucleus. We used overexpression and RNA interference techniques in poplar, along with Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays, to analyze the regulatory effects of PtoMYB031.ResultsOverexpression of PtoMYB031 in poplar significantly reduced lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose content, and inhibited vascular development in stems, resulting in decreased SCW thickness in xylem tissues. Gene expression analysis showed that structural genes involved in SCW biosynthesis were downregulated in PtoMYB031-OE lines. Conversely, RNA interference of PtoMYB031 increased these compounds. Additionally, PtoMYB031 was found to recruit the repressor PtoZAT11, forming a transcriptional inhibition complex.DiscussionOur findings provide new insights into how PtoMYB031, through its interaction with PtoZAT11, forms a complex that can suppress the expression of key regulatory genes, PtoWND1A and PtoWND2B, in SCW biosynthesis. This study enhances our understanding of the transcriptional regulation involved in SCW formation in poplar, highlighting the significant role of PtoMYB031

Identification of Characteristic Flavor Substances of Jingyang Fu Brick Tea by Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry and Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

In order to determine the characteristic flavor of Jingyang Fu brick tea, a national geographical indication product, the volatile compounds of Jingyang Fu brick tea, Anhua Fu brick tea and four other dark teas were analyzed by gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) and headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) in this study. The results showed that in total 154 compounds were identified by GC-IMS and HS-SPME-GC-MS, and the flavor composition of Jingyang Fu brick tea was clearly distinguished from that of Anhua Fu-brick tea and that of the other dark teas. Totally 12 characteristic substances of Jingyang Fu brick tea were obtained by comparative analysis with the other dark tea, seven of which were validated by GC-IMS, including 1-octen-3-one, n-hexanol, guaiacol, β-pinene, methyl butyrate, n-propanol and 2-heptanone, and the remaining five were characterized by HS-SPME-GC-MS based on aroma activity values, including hexanal, decanal, (E,E)-3,5-octadien-2-one, methyl salicylate and α-viologenone. The identification of characteristic flavor substances can provide a theoretical basis for the identification, origin tracing and processing optimization of Jingyang Fu brick tea

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Exacerbates Kidney Damages in IgA Nephropathy Mice via the C5a-C5aR1 Axis Orchestrating Th17 Cell Responses

Respiratory viral infections can directly lead to kidney damage such as IgA nephropathy (IgAN), partly due to mucosal immune system dysfunction. Although the activated C5a-C5aR1 axis results in increased Th1 and Th17 frequencies but reduced Treg frequencies in Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, how this axis affects Th cell disorders in RSV-induced IgAN exacerbation remains unknown. Here, we used a mouse model to dissect the activation of C5a-C5aR1 by RSV and the consequences on the regulation of Th1, Th17, and Treg immune responses in IgA nephropathy. RSV fusion protein was clearly deposited not only in the pulmonary interstitium but also in the glomerulus in RSV-IgAN mice, and RSV infection led to more severe pathological changes in the kidneys in IgAN mice. Blocking the C5a-C5aR1 axis resulted in a decrease in the albumin-to-creatinine ratio, and the attenuation of kidney damage in IgAN and RSV-IgAN mice might be partly attributed to the inhibition of Th cell and cytokine dysfunction. Th1, Th17 and Treg immune responses and their corelative cytokines were disrupted by RSV infection and rescued by C5aR1 inhibition. Moreover, we constructed a coculture system of human mesangial cells and CD4+ T cells and found that RSV infection might lead to CD4+ T cell production via human mesangial cells-enhanced CD4+ T cell proliferation, consequently increasing IL-17 levels. These pathological behaviors were augmented by C5a stimulation and decreased by C5aR1 inhibition. Thus, C5aR1 inhibition alters both kidney damage and Th1, Th17, and Treg cell dysfunction in RSV-induced IgAN exacerbation and locally regulates HMC antigen presentation function in the kidney. Taken together, our data offer profound evidence that blocking the C5a-C5aR1 axis might be a potential therapy for RSV-induced IgAN

Case report: Optical genome mapping revealed double rearrangements in a male undergoing preimplantation genetic testing

Chromosome rearrangement is one of the main causes of abortion. In individuals with double chromosomal rearrangements, the abortion rate and the risk of producing abnormal chromosomal embryos are increased. In our study, preimplantation genetic testing for structural rearrangement (PGT-SR) was performed for a couple because of recurrent abortion and the karyotype of the male was 45, XY der (14; 15)(q10; q10). The PGT-SR result of the embryo in this in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle showed microduplication and microdeletion at the terminals of chromosomes 3 and 11, respectively. Therefore, we speculated whether the couple might have a cryptic reciprocal translocation which was not detected by karyotyping. Then, optical genome mapping (OGM) was performed for this couple, and cryptic balanced chromosomal rearrangements were detected in the male. The OGM data were consistent with our hypothesis according to previous PGT results. Subsequently, this result was verified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in metaphase. In conclusion, the male’s karyotype was 45, XY, t(3; 11)(q28; p15.4), der(14; 15)(q10; q10). Compared with traditional karyotyping, chromosomal microarray, CNV-seq and FISH, OGM has significant advantages in detecting cryptic and balanced chromosomal rearrangements