6,321 research outputs found
A Unified Approach to Information, Knowledge, and Stability
Within the context of strategic interaction, we provide a unified framework for analyzing information, knowledge, and the "stable" pattern of behavior. We first study the related interactive epistemology and, in particular, show an equivalence theorem between a strictly dominated strategy and a never-best reply in terms of epistemic states. We then explore epistemic foundations behind the fascinating idea of stability due to J. von Neumann and O. Morgenstern. The major features of our approach are: (i)unlike the ad hoc semantic model of knowledge, the state space is constructed by Harsanyi’s types that are explicitly formulated by Epstein and Wang (Econometrica 64, 1996, 1343-1373); (ii)players may have general preferences, including subjective expected utility and non-expected utility; and (iii) players may be boundedly rational and have non-partitional information structuresepistemic games; Harsanyi's types; interactive epistemology; stability; non-expected utility; bounded rationality
Iterated Strict Dominance in General Games
We offer a definition of iterated elimination of strictly dominated strategies (IESDS) for games with (in)finite players, (non)compact strategy sets, and (dis)continuous payoff functions. IESDS is always a well-defined order independent procedure that can be used to solve Nash equilibrium in dominance-solvable games. We characterize IESDS by means of a "stability" criterion, and offer a sufficient and necessary epistemic condition for IESDS. We show by an example that IESDS may generate spurious Nash equilibria in the class of Reny's better-reply secure games. We provide sufficient/necessary conditions under which IESDS preserves the set of Nash equilibria. Nous donnons une définition de l’élimination itérative des stratégies qui sont strictement donimées (EISSD) pour les jeux avec un nombre fini (ou infini) de joueurs , des ensembles de stratégies compactes (ou non-compactes), et des fonctions de gains continues (ou non-continues). Le processus EISSD est bien défini et indépendant de l’ordre d’élimination. Nous donnons une caractérisation du processus EISSD en utilisant un critère de stabilité et offrons une condition épistémologique. Nous démontrons que le processus EISSD peut produire des équilibres faux dans la classe des jeux de meilleures réponses sécuritaires de Reny. Nous donnons des conditions nécessaires et suffisantes pour que le processus EISSD conserve l’ensemble des équilibre de Nash.game theory, strict dominance, iterated elimination, Nash equilibrium, Reny's better-reply secure games., théorie des jeux, dominance stricte, élimination itérative, équilibre de Nash, jeux de meilleures réponses sécuritaires de Reny
Electroneutrality Breakdown and Specific Ion Effects in Nanoconfined Aqueous Electrolytes Observed by NMR
Ion distribution in aqueous electrolytes near the interface plays critical
roles in electrochemical, biological and colloidal systems and is expected to
be particularly significant inside nanoconfined regions. Electroneutrality of
the total charge inside nanoconfined regions is commonly assumed a priori in
solving ion distribution of aqueous electrolytes nanoconfined by uncharged
hydrophobic surfaces with no direct experimental validation. Here, we use a
quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance approach to investigate the properties
of aqueous electrolytes nanoconfined in graphitic-like nanoporous carbon.
Substantial electroneutrality breakdown in nanoconfined regions and very
asymmetric responses of cations and anions to the charging of nanoconfining
surfaces are observed. The electroneutrality breakdown is shown to depend
strongly on the propensity of anions toward the water-carbon interface and such
ion-specific response follows generally the anion ranking of the Hofmeister
series. The experimental observations are further supported by numerical
evaluation using the generalized Poisson-Boltzmann equationComment: 26 pages, 3 figure
Fano resonance in a normal metal/ferromagnet-quantum dot-superconductor device
We investigate theoretically the Andreev transport through a quantum dot
strongly coupled with a normal metal/ferromagnet and a superconductor
(N/F-QD-S), in which the interplay between the Kondo resonance and the Andreev
bound states (ABSs) has not been clearly clarified yet. Here we show that the
interference between the Kondo resonance and the ABSs modifies seriously the
lineshape of the Kondo resonance, which manifests as a Fano resonance. The
ferromagnetic lead with spin-polarization induces an effective field, which
leads to splitting both of the Kondo resonance and the ABSs. The
spin-polarization together with the magnetic field applied provides an
alternative way to tune the lineshape of the Kondo resonances, which is
dependent of the relative positions of the Kondo resonance and of the ABSs.
These results indicate that the interplay between the Kondo resonance and the
ABSs can significantly affect the Andreev transport, which could be tested by
experiments.Comment: 8pages, 7figure
Monte Carlo Hamiltonian: the Linear Potentials
We further study the validity of the Monte Carlo Hamiltonian method. The
advantage of the method, in comparison with the standard Monte Carlo Lagrangian
approach, is its capability to study the excited states. We consider two
quantum mechanical models: a symmetric one ; and an asymmetric
one , for and , for . The results for the
spectrum, wave functions and thermodynamical observables are in agreement with
the analytical or Runge-Kutta calculations.Comment: Latex file, 8 figure
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