On Jang's equation and the Positive Mass Theorem for asymptotically hyperbolic initial data sets with dimensions above three and below eight

We solve the Jang equation with respect to asymptotically hyperbolic "hyperboloidal" initial data in dimensions n = 4, 5, 6, 7. This gives a non-spinor proof of the positive mass theorem in the asymptotically hyperbolic setting in these dimensions. Our work extends an earlier result of [Sak21] obtained in dimension n = 3.Comment: Thesis version of 110 pages. Comments welcome

Comparison of GMO and Conventional Corn Stover: Chemical Composition, Digestibility, and Intake Preferences by Beef Cows—Year 1 Progress Report

Data from this analysis suggest that differences in chemical composition likely exist when comparing conventional and GMO corn stover. However, the myriad of brands, hybrids, and trait combinations that exist highlight that more controlled plot-based studies need to be conducted, focusing on trait variation within a single corn isoline as to determine individual trait effects on these potential differences in feeding value

Distinct evolutionary mechanisms for genomic imbalances in high-risk and low-risk neuroblastomas

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumour of childhood. Several genomic imbalances correlate to prognosis in NB, with structural rearrangements, including gene amplification, in a near-diploid setting typically signifying high-risk tumours and numerical changes in a near-triploid setting signifying low-risk tumours. Little is known about the temporal sequence in which these imbalances occur during the carcinogenic process.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We have reconstructed the appearance of cytogenetic imbalances in 270 NBs by first grouping tumours and imbalances through principal component analysis and then using the number of imbalances in each tumour as an indicator of evolutionary progression.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Tumours clustered in four sub-groups, dominated respectively by (1) gene amplification in double minute chromosomes and few other aberrations, (2) gene amplification and loss of 1p sequences, (3) loss of 1p and other structural aberrations including gain of 17q, and (4) whole-chromosome gains and losses. Temporal analysis showed that the structural changes in groups 1–3 were acquired in a step-wise fashion, with loss of 1p sequences and the emergence of double minute chromosomes as the earliest cytogenetic events. In contrast, the gains and losses of whole chromosomes in group 4 occurred through multiple simultaneous events leading to a near-triploid chromosome number.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The finding of different temporal patterns for the acquisition of genomic imbalances in high-risk and low-risk NBs lends strong support to the hypothesis that these tumours are biologically diverse entities, evolving through distinct genetic mechanisms.</p

¿Obtienen mejores resultados los estudiantes que siguen cursos por Internet que los que siguen cursos presenciales? Reflexiones y breve revisión de algunos resultados empíricos

El aumento del número de cursos en línea impartidos por las universidades ha sido espectacular en los dos últimos años. Hoy en día, muchas universidades ofrecen incluso programas de titulación completa por Internet. Los estudiantes cuentan con acceso 24 horas a las instrucciones y los contenidos de las clases, p. ej., en formato de vídeo. En cierto modo, el uso de las TIC en la educación superior puede compararse con cualquier otro tipo de herramienta aplicada a la enseñanza, como la pizarra o el proyector de transparencias. El argumento a favor del uso de Internet y las TIC en la educación superior, desde un punto de vista económico, es que son más eficaces como herramientas aplicadas a la enseñanza en comparación con cualquier otra alternativa relevante. Es decir, Internet será una herramienta de enseñanza eficaz si, en igualdad de condiciones, los estudiantes que siguen cursos o programas de titulación completa impartidos por Internet obtienen mejores resultados en términos de calificaciones en los exámenes finales que los estudiantes que siguen cursos presenciales. En este estudio comentamos y resumimos algunos de los resultados empíricos disponibles en los estudios publicados acerca de los efectos de la enseñanza en línea sobre el rendimiento de los estudiantes respecto a los estudiantes que siguen cursos presenciales

The role of fuel mixing on char conversion in a dual fluidized bed gasifier

Operational conditions, such as the fluidization velocity or the solids cross-flow, have been found to affect both lateral and axial mixing of fuel particles in a fluidized bed (1, 2). The fuel axial mixing has been shown to influence the heat and mass transfer between the bed and the fuel particles, which in turn affect the char conversion rate (3). Furthermore, the fuel lateral mixing affects the residence time of the fuel inside the fluidized bed reactor. The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of the operational conditions on the resulting char conversion in the gasification chamber of an indirect gasifier, while accounting for and assessing the role played by lateral and axial fuel mixing in the residence time and conversion kinetics, respectively. A 1-dimensional model for indirect gasification (4) was used in the present study. The model includes empirical inputs regarding the influence of the operational parameters on the fuel mixing in the lateral and axial directions. The axial mixing of fuel undergoing pyrolysis is described by results from previous large-scale experiments (2), while that of char particles is characterized in laboratory-scale experiments under cold conditions carried out in this work. Regarding the kinetics, previous findings on the char gasification rate resulting from fuel conversion at different axial locations in the bed (3) were used as empirical input data to the modeling. The experiments conducted in this work showed that the fluidization velocity significantly influences the axial mixing of char. Furthermore, results from the modeling showed that the fluidization velocity has a strong effect on the degree of char conversion in the gasification chamber: increasing the excess velocity from 0.05 m/s to 0.20 m/s resulted in a 10-fold decrease in the degree of char conversion. This is due to the decrease in the fuel residence time caused by the enhanced fuel lateral mixing. In comparison to this, the fuel axial mixing and its effect on the char conversion kinetics played a smaller role: disregarding the axial mixing of fuel resulted in char conversion degrees up to 1.2 times higher than those obtained when accounting for it. REFERENCES E. Sette, D. Pallarès and F. Johnsson. Influence of bulk solids cross-flow on lateral mixing of fuel in dual fluidized beds. Fuel Process. Technol., 140:245-251, 2015. E. Sette, T. Berdugo Vilches, D. Pallarès and F. Johnsson. Measuring fuel mixing under industrial fluidized bed conditions – a camera-probe based fuel tracking system. To be submitted, 2015. L. Lundberg, P.A. Tchoffor, D. Pallarès, R. Johansson, H. Thunman and K. Davidsson. Influence of Conversion Conditions on the Gasification Rate of Biomass Char in a Fluidised Bed. Submitted to Fuel Process. Technol., 2015. L. Lundberg, D. Pallarès, R. Johansson and H. Thunman. A 1-dimensional model of indirect biomass gasification in a dual fluidised bed system. 11th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Technology, CFB 2014. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 607-612, 2014

The Immune Response to Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection in Susceptible Mice is a Major Cause of CNS Pathology Resulting in Fatal Encephalitis

This study was undertaken to investigate possible immune mechanisms in fatal HSV-1 encephalitis (HSE) after HSV-1 corneal inoculation. Susceptible 129S6 (129) but not resistant C57BL/6 (B6) mice developed intense focal inflammatory brainstem lesions of primarily F4/80+ macrophages and Gr-1+ neutrophils detectable by MRI as early as day 6 post infection (PI). Depletion of macrophages and neutrophils significantly enhanced survival of infected 129 mice. Immunodeficient B6 (IL-7R-/-Kitw41/w41) mice lacking adaptive cells (B6-E mice) transplanted with 129 bone marrow showed significantly accelerated fatal HSE compared to B6-E mice transplanted with B6 marrow or control non-transplanted B6-E mice. In contrast, there was no difference in ocular viral shedding in B6-E mice transplanted with 129 bone marrow or B6 bone marrow. Acyclovir treatment of 129 mice beginning day 4 PI (24 h after HSV-1 first reaches the brain stem) reduced nervous system viral titers to undetectable levels but did not alter brainstem inflammation or mortality. We conclude that fatal HSE in 129 mice results from widespread damage in the brainstem caused by destructive inflammatory responses initiated early in infection by massive infiltration of innate cells

How to Rescue American Football

Abstract Blows to the head damage the brain. American football is a contact/collision sport that produces many injuries, including to the brain. Football has many supporters who cite important redeeming characteristics of the activity. Public attention to the hazards of children and adults playing football has heightend recently due to many new scientific discoveries, not least of which is the frequency with which players are seriously harmed and do not recover. It is now incumbent on all interested parties to invent and implement far better safety practices, equipment, rules, and processes or the sport must cease to exist in its current form. This paper presents several safety proposals for consideration and study. Categories: Pathology, Neurosurgery, Public Health Keywords: football, brain damage, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, concussions, punch-drunk, helmets, safety rules, contact sports, tau protein, prevention Editorial American football is a great sport. It offers, requires, nurtures, and rewards speed, skill, strength, cunning, offensive and defensive strategic thinking, courage, judgment under pressure, competitive spirit, reliance on teamwork, a requirement for exquisite timing, and resolve. Football teaches a participant how to get up and get back at it after being knocked down again and again, a great life lesson. And football has the capacity to engender huge dedicated fan bases. Unfortunately, as the supreme contact sport, it is also a collision sport and thrives on a degree of inherent violence. Thus, injuries are expected and common. Most heal, usually without any disability. Some do not. Studies by US government agencies, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), have found that those football players exposed to the ultimate of potential violence, professionals in the National Football League (NFL), live longer lives, on average, than men of their birth cohort, but that they have greater likelihood of chronic dementia than does their age cohort. Kickoffs should be eliminated, except perhaps at the beginning of each half, and instead, the ball should be placed at the 20-yard line after touchdowns and field goals, and at the 35-yard line after safeties. The most violent collisions occur when the players are traveling at full speed 1 2 Open Access Editoria