A Survey of Applications and Human Motion Recognition with Microsoft Kinect

Microsoft Kinect, a low-cost motion sensing device, enables users to interact with computers or game consoles naturally through gestures and spoken commands without any other peripheral equipment. As such, it has commanded intense interests in research and development on the Kinect technology. In this paper, we present, a comprehensive survey on Kinect applications, and the latest research and development on motion recognition using data captured by the Kinect sensor. On the applications front, we review the applications of the Kinect technology in a variety of areas, including healthcare, education and performing arts, robotics, sign language recognition, retail services, workplace safety training, as well as 3D reconstructions. On the technology front, we provide an overview of the main features of both versions of the Kinect sensor together with the depth sensing technologies used, and review literatures on human motion recognition techniques used in Kinect applications. We provide a classification of motion recognition techniques to highlight the different approaches used in human motion recognition. Furthermore, we compile a list of publicly available Kinect datasets. These datasets are valuable resources for researchers to investigate better methods for human motion recognition and lower-level computer vision tasks such as segmentation, object detection and human pose estimation

A transmission congestion cost allocation method in bilateral trading electricity market

Bilateral trading in electricity is one of the typical deregulated power market trading methods and it has its own way to calculate and allocate congestion cost. In this paper, using as a practical bilateral structure example, the British electricity market is stated in details especially the operation mechanism and the methodology of imbalance settlement. A corresponding congestion cost allocation method for bilateral market is introduced briefly by equations and is simulated in a modified IEEE-14 bus model to investigate its pros and cons

Review of methods to calculate congestion cost allocation in deregulated electricity market

With maturing deregulated environment for electricity market, cost of transmission congestion becomes a major issue for power system operation. Uniform Marginal Price and Locational Mar-ginal Price (LMP) are the two practical pricing schemes on energy pricing and congestion cost allo-cation, which are based on different mechanisms. In this paper, these two pricing schemes are in-troduced in detail respectively. Also, the modified IEEE-14-bus system is used as a test system to calculate the allocated congestion cost by using these two pricing schemes

Variously worldwide types of deregulated electricity markets and their respective transmission congestion management schemes

In this paper, four practical and successful deregulated electricity markets: the old England & Wales Pool, the British Electricity Trading and Transmission Arrangements (BETTA), Nordic Pool and PJM interconnection will be briefly explained and discussed on their histories, structures, rules and also advantages and disadvantages. The old England & Wales Pool was a typical Pool type market which was one of the first successful electricity market deregulations but now had been replaced by the BETTA which is based on the bilateral and balancing mechanism. Nordic Pool and PJM are hybrid markets which combine both pool and bilateral principles. With maturing deregulated mechanism, transmission congestion becomes an urgent problem for all markets. Uniform marginal price, locational marginal price and zonal price are three typical methods in Pool and Hybrid market for congestion management. Locational marginal price is regarded as more efficient than other two when it comes to the market power dilution. In bilateral market, four transaction curtailments based on four rules: first come first serve, pro rata, minimum-net curtailment and price based are utilized to relieve congestion