Different DTN distributions between with/without CBC before tPA.

<p>DTN = door to needle intervals, CBC = complete blood count, tPA = tissue plasminogen activator; INI = Illinois Neurological Institute/OSF Comprehensive stroke center.</p

The Comparison on door to needle intervals more of > 60 minutes in logistic regression model analysis.

<p>According to the door to needle (DTN) intervals of > 60 minutes or not, the patients were divided into two groups and related factors were assessed. Since DTN is a more accurate measure and the onset to treatment (OTT) intervals along with the ethnicity of patients were quite different from these two hospitals, we removed race and OTT from this analysis. OR = odds ratio; CI = confidential interval; NIHSS = National Institute of Health Stroke Scale; sICH = symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage; mRS = modified Rankin Scale were divided into two groups, favorable outcome as mRS scores 0 or 1, unfavorable outcome as mRS scores 2 or more; HS = Huashan Hospital; CBC = the complete blood counts result back before tPA.</p><p>The Comparison on door to needle intervals more of > 60 minutes in logistic regression model analysis.</p

Demographic and clinical characteristics of AIS patients treated with IV tPA.

<p>SD = standard deviation; NIHSS = National Institute of Health Stroke Scale; mRS = modified Rankin Scale; sICH = symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage; INI = Illinois Neurological institute/OSF Comprehensive stroke center; HS = Huashan Hospital; CBC = complete blood counts</p><p>Demographic and clinical characteristics of AIS patients treated with IV tPA.</p

Increases in the Risk of Cognitive Impairment and Alterations of Cerebral β-amyloid Metabolism in Mouse Model of Heart Failure

<div><p>Epidemiological and clinico-pathological studies indicate a causal relationship between heart disease and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). To learn whether heart disease causes an onset of AD, mice with myocardial infarction (MI) and congestive heart failure (HF) were used to test neuropsychiatric and cognitive behaviors as well as for measurements of AD related protein markers. To this end, adult mice were subjected to ligation of left anterior descending artery (LAD) and about two weeks later high-frequency echocardiography was performed to exam the resulting cardiac structure and function. Three months after successful induction of chronic heart failure (CHF) these mice showed an impairment of learning in the Morris Water Maze task. In addition, the expression of selected molecules, which are involved in β-amyloid metabolism, apoptosis and inflammation on the level of gene transcription and translation, was altered in CHF mice. Our findings provide a plausible explanation that CHF increases the risk of cognitive impairments and alters cerebral β-amyloid metabolism. In addition, our data indicate that the cerebral compensatory mechanisms in response to CHF are brain area and gender specific.</p></div