The Parent-Adolescent Relationship and Risk-Taking Behaviors Among Chinese Adolescents: The Moderating Role of Self-Control

The present study primarily aimed to examine whether self-control serves as a moderator in the associations between parent-adolescent relationships, including parental support and parent-adolescent conflict, and risk-taking behaviors among adolescents. The 917 Chinese adolescents whose mean age was 14.38 years (SD = 1.69) completed questionnaires effectively. The results indicated that the relationships between either parental support or parent-adolescent conflict and adolescent risk-taking behavior were moderated by self-control. Among those adolescents with lower levels of self-control, both higher levels of parent-adolescent conflict and lower levels of perceived parental support predicted more risk-taking behaviors, but their predicting roles got weakened with the increase of the level of self-control. Accordingly, good parent-adolescent relationship, particularly less parent-adolescent conflict, is critical for decreasing adolescent risk-taking. Otherwise, improving self-control is particularly helpful to those adolescents having more conflict with their parents or less parental support to decrease their risk-taking

Transcriptome and proteomic analysis of mpox virus F3L-expressing cells

BackgroundMonkeypox or mpox virus (mpox) is a double-stranded DNA virus that poses a significant threat to global public health security. The F3 protein, encoded by mpox, is an apoenzyme believed to possess a double-stranded RNA-binding domain (dsRBD). However, limited research has been conducted on its function. In this study, we present data on the transcriptomics and proteomics of F3L-transfected HEK293T cells, aiming to enhance our comprehension of F3L.MethodsThe gene expression profiles of pCAGGS-HA-F3L transfected HEK293T cells were analyzed using RNA-seq. Proteomics was used to identify and study proteins that interact with F3L. Real-time PCR was used to detect mRNA levels of several differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in HEK293T cells (or Vero cells) after the expression of F3 protein.ResultsA total of 14,822 genes were obtained in cells by RNA-Seq and 1,672 DEGs were identified, including 1,156 up-regulated genes and 516 down-regulated genes. A total of 27 cellular proteins interacting with F3 proteins were identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and 19 cellular proteins with large differences in abundance ratios were considered to be candidate cellular proteins. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses showed that the DEGs were significantly enriched in immune-related pathways, including type I interferon signaling pathway, response to virus, RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, etc. Moreover, some selected DEGs were further confirmed by real-time PCR and the results were consistent with the transcriptome data. Proteomics data show that cellular proteins interacting with F3 proteins are mainly related to RNA splicing and protein translation.ConclusionsOur analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic data showed that (1) F3L up-regulates the transcript levels of key genes in the innate immune signaling pathway, such as RIGI, MDA5, IRF5, IRF7, IRF9, ISG15, IFNA14, and elicits a broad spectrum of antiviral immune responses in the host. F3L also increases the expression of the FOS and JNK genes while decreasing the expression of TNFR2, these factors may ultimately induce apoptosis. (2) F3 protein interacts with host proteins involved in RNA splicing and protein translation, such as SNRNP70, POLR2H, HNRNPA1, DDX17, etc. The findings of this study shed light on the function of the F3 protein

Reduced binding activity of vaccine serum to omicron receptor-binding domain

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination regimens contribute to limiting the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the emergence and rapid transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 variant Omicron raise a concern about the efficacy of the current vaccination strategy. Here, we expressed monomeric and dimeric receptor-binding domains (RBDs) of the spike protein of prototype SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron variant in E. coli and investigated the reactivity of anti-sera from Chinese subjects immunized with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines to these recombinant RBDs. In 106 human blood samples collected from 91 participants from Jiangxi, China, 26 sera were identified to be positive for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies by lateral flow dipstick (LFD) assays, which were enriched in the ones collected from day 7 to 1 month post-boost (87.0%) compared to those harvested within 1 week post-boost (23.8%) (P < 0.0001). A higher positive ratio was observed in the child group (40.8%) than adults (13.6%) (P = 0.0073). ELISA results showed that the binding activity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody-positive sera to Omicron RBDs dropped by 1.48- to 2.07-fold compared to its homogeneous recombinant RBDs. Thus, our data indicate that current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines provide restricted humoral protection against the Omicron variant

Highway Crack Detection and Classification Using UAV Remote Sensing Images Based on CrackNet and CrackClassification

Cracks are a common type of road distress. However, the traditional manual and vehicle-borne methods of detecting road cracks are inefficient, with a high rate of missed inspections. The development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and deep learning has led to their use in crack detection and classification becoming an increasingly popular topic. In this paper, an aerial drone is used to efficiently and safely collect road data. However, this also brings many challenges. For example, flying too high or too fast may produce poor quality images, with unclear cracks that may be ignored or misjudged as other features and increased environmental noise that may make it difficult to distinguish between cracks and other noise features. To address the above challenges, this paper proposes the CrackNet model and CrackClassification algorithm. The CrackNet network is an encoder–decoder architecture. Low- and high-level semantic information are combined through the skip feature fusion layers between the encoder and decoder to enhance the model’s expression and ability to recover image details. Additionally, the MHDC module at the bottom of the network can significantly increase the receptive field without reducing the feature map resolution. The MHSA module can simultaneously capture features from multiple subspaces. The average precision (AP) scores of the CrackNet network on three datasets, namely UAVRoadCrack, CRKWH100, and CrackLS315, were 0.665, 0.942, and 0.895, respectively. In addition, values of the other two evaluation metrics, ODS and OIS, were the highest among the compared methods. Meanwhile, the proposed CrackClassification algorithm in this paper achieves 85% classification accuracy for transverse and longitudinal cracks and 78% classification accuracy for block cracks and reticulated cracks. Overall, the CrackNet algorithm provides a new baseline model for crack detection in UAV remote sensing image scenes. The CrackClassification algorithm provides a new approach for batch classification of highway cracks. The detection and classification algorithm proposed in this paper were applied to 108 km of road sections

The Biological Responses to Magnesium-Based Biodegradable Medical Devices

The biocompatibility of Magnesium-based materials (MBMs) is critical to the safety of biodegradable medical devices. As a promising metallic biomaterial for medical devices, the issue of greatest concern is devices’ safety as degrading products are possibly interacting with local tissue during complete degradation. The aim of this review is to summarize the biological responses to MBMs at the cellular/molecular level, including cell adhesion, transportation signaling, immune response, and tissue growth during the complex degradation process. We review the influence of MBMs on gene/protein biosynthesis and expression at the site of implantation, as well as throughout the body. This paper provides a systematic review of the cellular/molecular behavior of local tissue on the response to Mg degradation, which may facilitate a better prediction of long-term degradation and the safe use of magnesium-based implants through metal innovation

Non-Point Source Pollution Characteristics of Agriculture-Derived Nitrogen in Groundwater in Suburban Area of Shanghai Based on Models

Part 1: GIS, GPS, RS and Precision FarmingInternational audienceThis paper analyzes the characteristics of the NPS nitrogen pollution of the groundwater in Guoyuan Village, Pudong District, Shanghai. And the associated effects on the surface and groundwater around the study area are discussed in detail based on the successive observed data, DNDC and L-THIA model. The results show that both of the surface and groundwater are polluted so seriously that they are not suitable to drink. The average content of total nitrogen in surface water is 6.3 mg/L and 16.85 mg/L in the groundwater, and both of them attribute to Grade V surface water standard (≤2.0 mg/L) according to the national standard(GB 3838-2002). It is concluded that the nitrogen pollution comes mainly from the fertilizer of the peach orchard based on the further modeling analysis. Therefore, reasonable adjustment of fertilization measures and project may be an effective and practical approach to control the nitrogen pollution around the peach orchard

Enantioselective Physiological Effects of the Herbicide Diclofop on Cyanobacterium <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i>

Water blooms caused by cyanobacteria are currently major global environmental issues. The outbreaks induced by nutrient elements have attracted much attention; however, the effects of environmental pollutants on the cyanobacteria are themselves poorly understood, especially those due to chiral chemicals. To explore the enantioselective eco-effects of the chiral herbicide diclofop-methyl (DM) and its major metabolite diclofop acid (DA), the physiological characteristics of <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i> were investigated. The results showed that using both biomass and protein content as growth parameters is necessary to access the impact of the herbicides, that stimulation biomass production by <i>R</i>-DA and <i>S</i>-DA was apparent (nonessential), and that the concentration of 5 mg/L is worth noting. Ultrastructure changes in gas vacuoles, thylakoids, glycogen, cyanophycin granules, poly beta-hydroxybutyrate, polyhedral body, and lipids indicated different toxicity modes among the four chemicals. The different effects between <i>R</i>-DA and <i>S</i>-DA demonstrated that <i>R</i>-DA probably acts as a proton ionophore shuttling protons across the plasmalemma, whereas <i>S</i>-DA did not demonstrate such action. The toxicity order in the present study is <i>S</i>-DA < <i>R</i>-DA < DM < DA. Stimulation of the growth of <i>M. aeruginosa</i> during the first 3 days by herbicidally inactive <i>S</i>-DA was greater than that due to <i>R</i>-DA, which is adverse to water quality in water bodies. Therefore, using the herbicidally active <i>R</i>-enantiomer is recommended. These results are helpful in understanding the enantioselective effects of chiral pesticides on cyanobacteria, which is important for environmental assessment and protection. It is also helpful for guiding the application of chiral pesticides in agricultural settings

Response Surface Optimization of an Extraction Method for the Simultaneous Detection of Sulfamethoxazole and 17β-Estradiol in Soil

Antibiotics and hormones widely exist in fertilizers and manures, which are excessively used in agriculture and animal husbandry. Considering their potential harm to the environment and human health, the detection of antibiotics and hormones has become a necessity. However, current methods find it difficult to simultaneously extract and detect antibiotics and hormones in soil and to maintain a high level of accuracy and a low cost. In this study, a straightforward, convenient, and simultaneous extraction and detection method of a representative antibiotic (sulfamethoxazole, SMZ) and hormone (17&beta;-Estradiol, E2) in soil has been established. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was used in the pretreatment process and high-performance liquid chromatography with the ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV) method was then chosen in the detection process. By means of single factors and response surface experiments, optimal extraction conditions were a 41-mL buffer solution (pH 4.27) mixed with 1 g of soil sample, an ultrasonication time of 36 min, an ultrasonication temperature of 25 &deg;C, and two extraction cycles. The detection limits of 0.3&ndash;10 &mu;g/kg and quantification limits of 1&ndash;30 &mu;g/kg have been obtained. Finally, the optimized simultaneous extraction and detection method was validated by three different real soil samples with recoveries ranging from 79.49% to 86.47%

Toxin Release of Cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa after Exposure to Typical Tetracycline Antibiotic Contaminants

The global usage of veterinary antibiotics is significant. Antibiotics can be released into aquatic environments and elicit toxic effects on non-target organisms. In this study, the growth characteristics and toxin release of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) were examined to investigate the physiological effects of tetracycline antibiotics on aquatic life. Results showed that the degree of toxicities of the following target antibiotics was TC (tetracycline hydrochloride) &gt; CTC (chlortetracycline hydrochloride) &gt; OTC (oxytetracycline hydrochloride) in terms of growth parameters, EC10 (0.63, 1.86, and 3.02 mg/L, respectively), and EC20 (1.58, 4.09, and 4.86 mg/L, respectively) values. These antibiotics inhibited the production of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) to varying degrees. CTC interfered M. aeruginosa cells and decreased their ability to release MC-LR, but this antibiotic stimulated the ability of these cells to synthesize MC-LR at 2 and 5 mg/L. OTC elicited a relatively weaker toxicity than CTC did and reduced MC-LR release. TC was the most toxic among the three antibiotics, and this antibiotic simultaneously reduced intracellular and extracellular MC-LR equivalents. Our results helped elucidate the effects of tetracycline antibiotics on M. aeruginosa, which is essential for environmental evaluation and protection. Our results are also helpful for guiding the application of veterinary antibiotics in agricultural settings