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    TΡ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΌΠ°Π½ Π½Π° вСнски ΠΌΠ°Π»Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ кај ΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ˜Π°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡƒΠ»Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π° – Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈ-годишно искуство

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    Venous malformations (VMs) are a type of vascular malformations that result in abnormal development of veins that become extensible over time due to an error in vascular morphogenesis. They usually appear in newborns or in early adulthood as a bluish, soft, swollen and eventually painful skin formation. Treatment includes conservative therapy, sclerotherapy and surgical excision. Aim of the paper is to evaluate the therapeutic effect of scleraotherapy in pediatric patients with venous malformations. Material and methods: In a three-year period, from 2019 to 2021, venous malformation was found in 33 patients aged 4 to 14 years (average age: 8 years). Pain as a symptom occurred in 8 patients. Two patients had lesions measuring up to 5 cm and 5 cm respectively, while in the remaining subjects the lesion was over 5 cm. Ultrasound was performed routinely in all subjects, and MRI in two patients. Conservative treatment was instituted in 13 patients with venous malformations of the extremities, surgical excision with local reconstruction was performed in 11 patients, and sclerotherapy with bleomycin under general anesthesia was performed in 8 patients. Combined treatment was used in one patient that presented with venous malformation of the upper arm that underwent partial sclerotherapy with subsequent operative excision due to a phlebolith. Follow-up examinations revealed regression of the change not only from functional but from aesthetic aspect as well. Conclusion: Sclerotherapy is the established golden standard, first-line treatment for venous malformations. Excellent results were achieved as the reduction of the lesions was below 50% of the initial size. However, the modality of treatment should be individualized to each patient as it can sometimes require a combination of more than one treatment option. Venous malformations are best treated early, but they usually recur over time. Treatment helps relieve symptoms and control the growth of vascular malformations.ВСнскитС ΠΌΠ°Π»Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ сС Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏ Π½Π° васкуларни ΠΌΠ°Π»Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΡˆΡ‚ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€Π°Π°Ρ‚ со  ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡˆΠΊΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΎΡ˜ Π½Π° Π²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅, ΠΊΠΎΠΈ стануваат ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΈΡ€Π΅Π½ΠΈ со Ρ‚Π΅ΠΊ Π½Π° Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ Π½Π° Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΡƒΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π°Ρ‚Π°. ΠžΠ±ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎ сС манифСстираат Π²ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ‡ΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π½Π° Π°Π΄ΡƒΠ»Ρ‚Π½Π° возраст ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ сини, ΠΌΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΈ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ. Π’Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΎΡ‚ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡƒΠ²Π°: ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π·Π΅Ρ€Π²Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Π° Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΡ˜Π°, ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΡ˜Π° ΠΈ Ρ…ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡ€ΡˆΠΊΠ° Π΅ΠΊΡΡ†ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ˜Π°. Π¦Π΅Π» Π½Π° Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΡ‚ Π΅ Π΄Π° сС Π΅Π²Π°Π»ΡƒΠΈΡ€Π°Π°Ρ‚ тСрапСвтскитС Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΡ˜Π°Ρ‚Π° кај ΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ˜Π°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈ со вСнски ΠΌΠ°Π»Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ. ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ˜Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ: Π’ΠΎ 3-годишСн ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ (2019-2021), вСнскитС ΠΌΠ°Π»Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π±Π΅Π° Π΄ΠΈΡ˜Π°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€Π°Π½ΠΈ кај 33 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈ Π½Π° возраст ΠΎΠ΄ 4 Π΄ΠΎ 14 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ (срСдна возраст: 8 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ). Π‘ΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ симптом сС јавила кај 8 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈ. Кај Π΄Π²Π°Ρ˜Ρ†Π° ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈ Π»Π΅Π·ΠΈΡ˜Π°Ρ‚Π° Π±ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΎΠ΄ 5 Ρ†ΠΌ ΠΈ Π΅Π΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠ²Π° Π½Π° 5Ρ†ΠΌ соодвСтно, Π΄ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΊΠ° кај  останатитС ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈ Π»Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΈΡ‚Π΅ Π±ΠΈΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ 5Ρ†ΠΌ. Π£Π»Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΡ˜Π° Π±ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΎΡ€Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€Π°Π½Π° рутински кај ситС ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈ ΠΈ МРИ кај Π΄Π²Π° ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈ. ΠšΠΎΠ½Π·Π΅Ρ€Π²Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΎΡ‚ Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΌΠ°Π½ бСшС ΠΎΡ€Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€Π°Π½ кај 13 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈ со вСнски ΠΌΠ°Π»Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° СкстрСмитСтитС, Ρ…ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡ€ΡˆΠΊΠ° Π΅ΠΊΡΡ†ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ˜Π° со Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»Π½Π° Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡ˜Π° кај 11 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈ, Π΄ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΊΠ° кај 8 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈ бСшС ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΡ˜Π° со Π±Π»Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ½ Π²ΠΎ услови Π½Π° ΠΎΠΏΡˆΡ‚Π° Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π·ΠΈΡ˜Π°. ΠšΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€Π°Π½Π° Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΡ˜Π° сС ΡƒΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΠΈ кај Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ со ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠ° слика Π½Π° вСнска ΠΌΠ°Π»Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π° Π½Π° Π½Π°Π΄Π»Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ†Π° кај ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΎΡ‚ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡƒΠ²Π°ΡˆΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π°Π»Π½Π° ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΡ˜Π° со послСдоватСлна ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Π° Π΅ΠΊΡΡ†ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ˜Π° Π·Π°Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈ Ρ„Π»Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚. ΠšΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π³Π»Π΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ°Π° Ρ€Π΅Π³Ρ€Π΅ΡΠΈΡ˜Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°Ρ‚Π°, Π½Π΅ само ΠΎΠ΄ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π΅Π½ Ρ‚ΡƒΠΊΡƒ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ СстСтски аспСкт. Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΎΠΊ: Π‘ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΡ˜Π°Ρ‚Π° Π΅ воспоставСн β€žΠ·Π»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π½ ΡΡ‚Π°Π½Π΄Π°Ρ€Π΄β€œ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π²Π° линија Π½Π° Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΌΠ°Π½ Π½Π° вСнскитС ΠΌΠ°Π»Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ. ΠžΠ΄Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ сС постигнаа со ΠΎΠ³Π»Π΅Π΄ Π½Π° Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΡƒΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡ˜Π° Π½Π° Π»Π΅Π·ΠΈΡ˜Π°Ρ‚Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ 50% ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ˜Π°Π»Π½Π°Ρ‚Π° Π³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°. Π‘Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΠΊ овој Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏ Π½Π° Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΌΠ°Π½ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±Π½ΠΎ Π΅ Π΄Π° сС ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡƒΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€Π° Π·Π° сСкој ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚, со ΠΎΠ³Π»Π΅Π΄ Π½Π° Ρ‚ΠΎΠ° ΡˆΡ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ±Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠ²Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π° Π½Π° повСќС ΠΎΠ΄ Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ тСраписки ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚. ВСнскитС ΠΌΠ°Π»Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ˜ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»Π½ΠΎ сС Π»Π΅ΠΊΡƒΠ²Π°Π°Ρ‚ Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΎ со ΠΎΠ³Π»Π΅Π΄ Π½Π° Ρ‚Π΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π°Ρ‚Π° Π·Π° рСкурСнтност. Π‘ΠΎ помош Π½Π° Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΎΡ‚ сС ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Ρ€ΡƒΠ²Π°Π°Ρ‚ симптомитС ΠΈ сС ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ€Π° растот Π½Π° вСнскитС ΠΌΠ°Π»Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ

    EVALUATION OF TWO SURGICAL TREATMENTS OF PRIMARY VESICOURETERAL REFLUX AMONG CHILDREN: A 15 YEARS EXPERIENCE

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    Aim: aim of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of two different surgical treatments of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) on succesfull rate and patient outcome. Methods: Retrospective study on children with primary VUR and their surgical treatment from 1999 to 2014 in the University Clinic for Pediatric Surgery in Skopje. A total of 76 children (114 ureters) with VUR ranging from second to fifth grade were treated surgically, 44 patients (67 ureters) with an open surgical technique and 32 patients (47 ureters) with endoscopic treatment ”STING” procedure. The following parameters were analyzed: duration of the intervention, duration of the hospitalization, the need for antibiotics and analgesic therapy and the need for blood and blood derivatives transfusion. The result of the surgical treatment was also validated. A good result was considered when reduction of VUR by 2 degrees with the endoscopic method or by 3 degrees in the open surgical technique was noticed. Results: Using open surgical technique, patients were hospitalized for an average of 9 days (range from 5 to 13 days). All children received double antibiotic therapy. The need for analgesics lasted for 3 to 4 days. 90% of treated children needed blood and/or blood derivatives transfusion. Success rate with this method was 93.8%. Endoscopic procedure was performed as a one-day surgical procedure. The average duration was 15 minutes. Single, prophylactic dose of antibiotic was ordinated. There was no need for blood and/or blood derivatives transfusion. The overall success of the treatment was about 70%. Conclusion: Open surgical procedure is used for more complicated cases, VUR grade IV-V or by previously failed. Endoscopic, β€œSTING” procedure was commonly used for patients with VUR grade greater than 2, after previously failed conservative treatment, febrile urinary infection despite antibiotic prophylaxis and/or emergence of new scarring in the renal parenchyma. Patient assessment and decision for what method will be used must always be done individually for each child
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