Bioimaging and Bio-Sensing Techniques for Lung Cancer Detection

Early cancer detection and suitable treatment improve the 5-year survival rates of lung cancer significantly. Many cancer diagnostic approaches have been investigated, including mammography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, computerized tomography, positron emission tomography and biopsy. However, these techniques have some drawbacks such as expensive and time-consuming. Electromagnetic tomography (EMT) has been proposed as a promising diagnostic tool for lung cancer detection. In addition, developing label-free and cost-effective biosensors for target tumor markers detection have attracted attentions worldwide. This chapter reviews the recently developed EMT and bio-sensing techniques for early-stage lung cancer detection

From outside-in to inside-out: galaxy assembly mode depends on stellar mass

In this Letter, we investigate how galaxy mass assembly mode depends on stellar mass $M_{\ast}$, using a large sample of $\sim$10, 000 low redshift galaxies. Our galaxy sample is selected to have SDSS R_{90}>5\arcsec.0, which allows the measures of both the integrated and the central NUV$-r$ color indices. We find that: in the $M_{\ast}-($ NUV$-r$) green valley, the M_{\ast}<10^{10}~M_{\sun} galaxies mostly have positive or flat color gradients, while most of the M_{\ast}>10^{10.5}~M_{\sun} galaxies have negative color gradients. When their central $D_{n}4000$ index values exceed 1.6, the M_{\ast}<10^{10.0}~M_{\sun} galaxies have moved to the UV red sequence, whereas a large fraction of the M_{\ast}>10^{10.5}~M_{\sun} galaxies still lie on the UV blue cloud or the green valley region. We conclude that the main galaxy assembly mode is transiting from "the outside-in" mode to "the inside-out" mode at M_{\ast} 10^{10.5}~M_{\sun}. We argue that the physical origin of this is the compromise between the internal and the external process that driving the star formation quenching in galaxies. These results can be checked with the upcoming large data produced by the on-going IFS survey projects, such as CALIFA, MaNGA and SAMI in the near future.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJL,6 pages, 5 figure

Structure and morphology of X-ray selected AGN hosts at 1<z<3 in CANDELS-COSMOS field

We analyze morphologies of the host galaxies of 35 X-ray selected active galactic nucleus (AGNs) at $z\sim2$ in the Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS) field using Hubble Space Telescope/WFC3 imaging taken from the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS). We build a control sample of 350 galaxies in total, by selecting ten non-active galaxies drawn from the same field with the similar stellar mass and redshift for each AGN host. By performing two dimensional fitting with GALFIT on the surface brightness profile, we find that the distribution of S$\`e$rsic index (n) of AGN hosts does not show a statistical difference from that of the control sample. We measure the nonparametric morphological parameters (the asymmetry index A, the Gini coefficient G, the concentration index C and the M20 index) based on point source subtracted images. All the distributions of these morphological parameters of AGN hosts are consistent with those of the control sample. We finally investigate the fraction of distorted morphologies in both samples by visual classification. Only $\sim$15% of the AGN hosts have highly distorted morphologies, possibly due to a major merger or interaction. We find there is no significant difference in the distortion fractions between the AGN host sample and control sample. We conclude that the morphologies of X-ray selected AGN hosts are similar to those of nonactive galaxies and most AGN activity is not triggered by major merger.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Letter

Efficient Teacher: Semi-Supervised Object Detection for YOLOv5

Semi-Supervised Object Detection (SSOD) has been successful in improving the performance of both R-CNN series and anchor-free detectors. However, one-stage anchor-based detectors lack the structure to generate high-quality or flexible pseudo labels, leading to serious inconsistency problems in SSOD. In this paper, we propose the Efficient Teacher framework for scalable and effective one-stage anchor-based SSOD training, consisting of Dense Detector, Pseudo Label Assigner, and Epoch Adaptor. Dense Detector is a baseline model that extends RetinaNet with dense sampling techniques inspired by YOLOv5. The Efficient Teacher framework introduces a novel pseudo label assignment mechanism, named Pseudo Label Assigner, which makes more refined use of pseudo labels from Dense Detector. Epoch Adaptor is a method that enables a stable and efficient end-to-end semi-supervised training schedule for Dense Detector. The Pseudo Label Assigner prevents the occurrence of bias caused by a large number of low-quality pseudo labels that may interfere with the Dense Detector during the student-teacher mutual learning mechanism, and the Epoch Adaptor utilizes domain and distribution adaptation to allow Dense Detector to learn globally distributed consistent features, making the training independent of the proportion of labeled data. Our experiments show that the Efficient Teacher framework achieves state-of-the-art results on VOC, COCO-standard, and COCO-additional using fewer FLOPs than previous methods. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to apply Semi-Supervised Object Detection to YOLOv5.Comment: 14 page

Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in comorbid patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and the severity of periodontal disease in diabetics with periodontitis.Methods: Ninety patients were recruited for this study. They were divided into three groups, namely, group 1 (30 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and periodontal disease), group II (30 patients with T2DM only) and control (30 healthy individuals). Serum levels of hs-CRP and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAc) were determined. Moreover, blood glucose (BG) and insulin (FNS) levels were determined in the fasted state, and their values used to compute insulin resistance index (Homa-IR).Results: Serum levels of FNS, FPG, HbAc and Homa-IR in group I patients were significantly higher (p &lt; 0.05) than those of control group. While the levels of BG and Homa-IR in the serum of patients in groups I and II were significantly higher (p &lt; 0.05) than those of control, marked reductions were seen in their values in group II, relative to group I. The serum levels of hs-CRP in group I and II were significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05) relative to control, but were lower in group II than in group I (p &lt; 0.05). Homa-IR was positively correlated with serum hs-CRP, FNS, BG, HbAc, and Homa-IR in groups I and II. Results from multiple regression analysis revealed significant effects of hs-CRP and HbAc on Homa-IR.Conclusion: Serum levels of hs-CRP in patients with T2DM and periodontitis are closely related to disease severity, insulin resistance and blood glucose level.Keywords: Type-2 diabetes mellitus, Periodontal disease, High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, Blood glucose, Insulin resistance, Correlatio

A local discontinuous Galerkin method for the (non)-isothermal Navier-Stokes-Korteweg equations

In this article, we develop a local discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) discretization of the (non)-isothermal Navier-Stokes-Korteweg (NSK) equations in conservative form. These equations are used to model the dynamics of a compressible fluid exhibiting liquid-vapour phase transitions. The NSK-equations are closed with a Van der Waals equation of state and contain third order nonlinear derivative terms. These contributions frequently cause standard numerical methods to violate the energy dissipation relation and require additional stabilization terms to prevent numerical instabilities. In order to address these problems we first develop an LDG method for the isothermal NSK equations using discontinuous finite element spaces combined with a time-implicit Runge-Kutta integration method. Next, we extend the LDG discretization to the non-isothermal NSK equations. An important feature of the LDG discretizations presented in this article is that they are relatively simple, robust and do not require special regularization terms. Finally, computational experiments are provided to demonstrate the capabilities, accuracy and stability of the LDG discretizations