From outside-in to inside-out: galaxy assembly mode depends on stellar mass

In this Letter, we investigate how galaxy mass assembly mode depends on stellar mass $M_{\ast}$, using a large sample of $\sim$10, 000 low redshift galaxies. Our galaxy sample is selected to have SDSS R_{90}>5\arcsec.0, which allows the measures of both the integrated and the central NUV$-r$ color indices. We find that: in the $M_{\ast}-($ NUV$-r$) green valley, the M_{\ast}<10^{10}~M_{\sun} galaxies mostly have positive or flat color gradients, while most of the M_{\ast}>10^{10.5}~M_{\sun} galaxies have negative color gradients. When their central $D_{n}4000$ index values exceed 1.6, the M_{\ast}<10^{10.0}~M_{\sun} galaxies have moved to the UV red sequence, whereas a large fraction of the M_{\ast}>10^{10.5}~M_{\sun} galaxies still lie on the UV blue cloud or the green valley region. We conclude that the main galaxy assembly mode is transiting from "the outside-in" mode to "the inside-out" mode at M_{\ast} 10^{10.5}~M_{\sun}. We argue that the physical origin of this is the compromise between the internal and the external process that driving the star formation quenching in galaxies. These results can be checked with the upcoming large data produced by the on-going IFS survey projects, such as CALIFA, MaNGA and SAMI in the near future.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJL,6 pages, 5 figure

On Stability and Consensus of Signed Networks: A Self-loop Compensation Perspective

Positive semidefinite is not an inherent property of signed Laplacians, which renders the stability and consensus of multi-agent system on undirected signed networks intricate. Inspired by the correlation between diagonal dominance and spectrum of signed Laplacians, this paper proposes a self-loop compensation mechanism in the design of interaction protocol amongst agents and examines the stability/consensus of the compensated signed networks. It turns out that self-loop compensation acts as exerting a virtual leader on these agents that are incident to negative edges, steering whom towards origin. Analytical connections between self-loop compensation and the collective behavior of the compensated signed network are established. Necessary and/or sufficient conditions for predictable cluster consensus of signed networks via self-loop compensation are provided. The optimality of self-loop compensation is discussed. Furthermore, we extend our results to directed signed networks where the symmetry of signed Laplacian is not free. Simulation examples are provided to demonstrate the theoretical results

Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in comorbid patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and the severity of periodontal disease in diabetics with periodontitis.Methods: Ninety patients were recruited for this study. They were divided into three groups, namely, group 1 (30 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and periodontal disease), group II (30 patients with T2DM only) and control (30 healthy individuals). Serum levels of hs-CRP and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAc) were determined. Moreover, blood glucose (BG) and insulin (FNS) levels were determined in the fasted state, and their values used to compute insulin resistance index (Homa-IR).Results: Serum levels of FNS, FPG, HbAc and Homa-IR in group I patients were significantly higher (p &lt; 0.05) than those of control group. While the levels of BG and Homa-IR in the serum of patients in groups I and II were significantly higher (p &lt; 0.05) than those of control, marked reductions were seen in their values in group II, relative to group I. The serum levels of hs-CRP in group I and II were significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05) relative to control, but were lower in group II than in group I (p &lt; 0.05). Homa-IR was positively correlated with serum hs-CRP, FNS, BG, HbAc, and Homa-IR in groups I and II. Results from multiple regression analysis revealed significant effects of hs-CRP and HbAc on Homa-IR.Conclusion: Serum levels of hs-CRP in patients with T2DM and periodontitis are closely related to disease severity, insulin resistance and blood glucose level.Keywords: Type-2 diabetes mellitus, Periodontal disease, High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, Blood glucose, Insulin resistance, Correlatio

Dynamic Event-Triggered Consensus of Multi-agent Systems on Matrix-weighted Networks

This paper examines event-triggered consensus of multi-agent systems on matrix-weighted networks, where the interdependencies among higher-dimensional states of neighboring agents are characterized by matrix-weighted edges in the network. Specifically, a distributed dynamic event-triggered coordination strategy is proposed for this category of generalized networks, in which an auxiliary system is employed for each agent to dynamically adjust the trigger threshold, which plays an essential role in guaranteeing that the triggering time sequence does not exhibit Zeno behavior. Distributed event-triggered control protocols are proposed to guarantee leaderless and leader-follower consensus for multi-agent systems on matrix-weighted networks, respectively. It is shown that that the spectral properties of matrix-valued weights are crucial in event-triggered mechanism design for matrix-weighted networks. Finally, simulation examples are provided to demonstrate the theoretical results

Effects of gap size, temperature and pumping pressure on the fluid dynamics and chemical kinetics of in-line spatial atomic layer deposition of Al2O3

Abstract: Low throughput is a major limitation for industrial level atomic layer deposition (ALD) applications. Spatial ALD is regarded as a promising solution to this issue. With numerical simulations, this paper studies an in-line spatial ALD reactor by investigating the effects of gap size, temperature, and pumping pressure on the flow and surface chemical deposition processes in Al2O3 ALD. The precursor intermixing is a critical issue in spatial ALD system design, and it is highly dependent on the flow and material distributions. By numerical studies, it’s found that bigger gap, e.g., 2 mm, results in less precursor intermixing, but generates slightly lower saturated deposition rate. Wafer temperature is shown as a significant factor in both flow and surface deposition processes. Higher temperature accelerates the diffusive mass transport, which largely contributes to the precursor intermixing. On the other hand, higher temperature increases film deposition rate. Well-maintained pumping pressure is beneficial to decrease the precursor intermixing level, but its effect on the chemical process is shown very weak. It is revealed that the time scale of in-line spatial ALD cycle is only in tens of milliseconds, i.e., ~15 ms. Considering that the in-line spatial ALD is a continuous process without purging step, the ALD cycle time is greatly shortened, and hence the overall throughput is shown as high as ~8 nm/s, compared to several nm/min in traditional ALD