Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the neoplastic and interstitial inflammatory infiltrate cells in the different histopathological types of esophageal cancer.

Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is the proteolytic enzyme degrading type IV collagen, and plays important role in the invasiveness and metastatic potential of tumor cells. The aim of the current study was to compare the association between the intensity of MMP-9 expression in neoplastic cells and in the interstitial inflammatory infiltrate cells in esophageal cancer with clinicopathological features of esophageal cancer (EC) and in different histopatological types of EC, e.g. adenocarcinoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The study included 32 EC patients, 17 cases of squamous cell carcinoma and 15 cases of adenocarcinoma, verified histopatologically. The presence of MMP-9 in cancer tissue was investigated by immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed, wax-embedded sections of esophageal cancers. The light microscopy was used to evaluate the expression of metalloproteinase-9 in cancer cells and in inflammatory infiltrate in the neoplastic interstitium in semi-quantitative scale. The expression of MMP-9 in cancer cells was positive in 81% of cases whereas in inflammatory cells - in 75% and increased with tumor stage, depth of tumor invasion (T factor) and lymph node metastases (N factor). In squamous cell cancer the MMP-9 expression in cancer cells and in inflammatory infiltrate was higher than those in adenocarcinoma. Mean value of MMP-9 expression in inflammatory cells was higher in early stages of EC, whereas mean expression of this enzyme in cancer cells increased with tumor stage. In conclusion, this is the first study comparing the expression of metalloproteinase-9 in cancer and inflamatory infiltrate cells in different histopatological types of esophageal cancer. We proved the synthesis of MMP-9 by cancer cells as well as by inflammatory cells and its correlation with tumor stage, tumor size, depth of tumor invasion and lymph node metastases. The results suggest the role of MMP-9 in esophageal tumorigenesis, although this issue requires further investigations

Expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) in gastric cancer tissue.

Degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) is an essential step of invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer. The proteolysis of basement membranes depends on the balance between activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs). The aim of the study was to assess the expression of TIMP-1 in gastric cancer (GC) and interstitial inflammatory infiltrate cells within GC tissue in relation to clinico-pathological features of tumor and to estimate the prognostic significance of TIMP-1 expression for patients' survival. The presence of TIMP-1 in 54 cases of gastric cancer samples was investigated by immunohistochemistry. The expression of TIMP-1 in cancer and interstitial inflammatory infiltrate cells was evaluated in semi-quantitative scale. The immunoreactivity of TIMP-1 in cancer and inflammatory cells was positive in 100% of cases and varied from weak to intense reaction. The intensity of TIMP-1 expression increased with more advanced tumor stages and in patients who died of cancer during 2-year observation. TIMP-1 expression in interstitial inflammatory infiltrate cells was the independent prognostic factor for patients' survival. The results suggest the role of TIMP-1 in gastric tumorigenesis, although this issue requires further investigtions

Setninger i norsk og polsk - definisjoner og inndelinger

In this article we give a brief summary of how Norwegian and Polish sentences are classified in the widely acknowledged grammar books. Therefore, we review the definitions of sentences in both languages, and compare the various classifications applied in Norwegian and Polish. Additionally, much focus is given to classification of sub clauses, which happen to be differently characterized in the respective languages. We would claim that there is a significant bias regarding features that determine classification of sub clauses in Norwegian and Polish. While in Norwegian a lot of emphasis is put on structural features, focusing on how particular units are organized within a sentence, the Polish classifications seem more semantic-oriented. As far as grammatical terms are concerned, Norwegian is featured by far more notions that might yield intransparency for a Polish learner or grammarian. On the other hand, the Norwegian classifications seem far more transparent. Due to a lack of 1-1 relation between terms used in Norwegian and Polish, we cater for this need by providing terms applicable for both languages. We believe that this may come into useful for all who try to systematize their knowledge about sentences in both languages

Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the neoplastic and interstitial inflammatory infiltrate cells in the different histopathological types of esophageal cancer.

Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is the proteolytic enzyme degrading type IV collagen, and plays important role in the invasiveness and metastatic potential of tumor cells. The aim of the current study was to compare the association between the intensity of MMP-9 expression in neoplastic cells and in the interstitial inflammatory infiltrate cells in esophageal cancer with clinicopathological features of esophageal cancer (EC) and in different histopatological types of EC, e.g. adenocarcinoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The study included 32 EC patients, 17 cases of squamous cell carcinoma and 15 cases of adenocarcinoma, verified histopatologically. The presence of MMP-9 in cancer tissue was investigated by immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed, wax-embedded sections of esophageal cancers. The light microscopy was used to evaluate the expression of metalloproteinase-9 in cancer cells and in inflammatory infiltrate in the neoplastic interstitium in semi-quantitative scale. The expression of MMP-9 in cancer cells was positive in 81% of cases whereas in inflammatory cells - in 75% and increased with tumor stage, depth of tumor invasion (T factor) and lymph node metastases (N factor). In squamous cell cancer the MMP-9 expression in cancer cells and in inflammatory infiltrate was higher than those in adenocarcinoma. Mean value of MMP-9 expression in inflammatory cells was higher in early stages of EC, whereas mean expression of this enzyme in cancer cells increased with tumor stage. In conclusion, this is the first study comparing the expression of metalloproteinase-9 in cancer and inflamatory infiltrate cells in different histopatological types of esophageal cancer. We proved the synthesis of MMP-9 by cancer cells as well as by inflammatory cells and its correlation with tumor stage, tumor size, depth of tumor invasion and lymph node metastases. The results suggest the role of MMP-9 in esophageal tumorigenesis, although this issue requires further investigations

Expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) in gastric cancer tissue.

Degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) is an essential step of invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer. The proteolysis of basement membranes depends on the balance between activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs). The aim of the study was to assess the expression of TIMP-1 in gastric cancer (GC) and interstitial inflammatory infiltrate cells within GC tissue in relation to clinico-pathological features of tumor and to estimate the prognostic significance of TIMP-1 expression for patients' survival. The presence of TIMP-1 in 54 cases of gastric cancer samples was investigated by immunohistochemistry. The expression of TIMP-1 in cancer and interstitial inflammatory infiltrate cells was evaluated in semi-quantitative scale. The immunoreactivity of TIMP-1 in cancer and inflammatory cells was positive in 100% of cases and varied from weak to intense reaction. The intensity of TIMP-1 expression increased with more advanced tumor stages and in patients who died of cancer during 2-year observation. TIMP-1 expression in interstitial inflammatory infiltrate cells was the independent prognostic factor for patients' survival. The results suggest the role of TIMP-1 in gastric tumorigenesis, although this issue requires further investigtions