2 research outputs found
Carbon Nanotubes Released from an Epoxy-Based Nanocomposite: Quantification and Particle Toxicity
Studies combining both the quantification
of free nanoparticle
release and the toxicological investigations of the released particles
from actual nanoproducts in a real-life exposure scenario are urgently
needed, yet very rare. Here, a new measurement method was established
to quantify the amount of free-standing and protruding multiwalled
carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in the respirable fraction of particles
abraded from a MWCNT–epoxy nanocomposite. The quantification
approach involves the prelabeling of MWCNTs with lead ions, nanocomposite
production, abrasion and collection of the inhalable particle fraction,
and quantification of free-standing and protruding MWCNTs by measuring
the concentration of released lead ions. In vitro toxicity studies
for genotoxicity, reactive oxygen species formation, and cell viability
were performed using A549 human alveolar epithelial cells and THP-1
monocyte-derived macrophages. The quantification experiment revealed
that in the respirable fraction of the abraded particles, approximately
4000 ppm of the MWCNTs were released as exposed MWCNTs (which could
contact lung cells upon inhalation) and approximately 40 ppm as free-standing
MWCNTs in the worst-case scenario. The release of exposed MWCNTs was
lower for nanocomposites containing agglomerated MWCNTs. The toxicity
tests revealed that the abraded particles did not induce any acute
cytotoxic effects
MOESM1 of Release of copper-amended particles from micronized copper-pressure-treated wood during mechanical abrasion
Additional file 1: Figures S1, S2, S3. Concentration considerations of MCA components; Formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS); Culture conditions and cell viability assessment of THP-1 cells; Production of cytokines