8 research outputs found

    YKL-40 protein expression in human tumor samples and human tumor cell line xenografts: implications for its use in tumor models

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    Background!#!YKL-40, also known as non-enzymatic chitinase-3 like-protein-1 (CHI3L1), is a glycoprotein expressed and secreted mainly by inflammatory cells and tumor cells. Accordingly, several studies demonstrated elevated YKL-40 serum levels in cancer patients and found YKL-40 to be correlated with a poor prognosis and disease severity in some tumor entities. YKL-40 was suggested to be involved in angiogenesis and extracellular matrix remodeling. As yet, however, its precise biological function remains elusive.!##!Methods!#!As YKL-40 protein expression has only been investigated in few malignancies, we employed immunohistochemical detection in a large multi-tumor tissue microarray consisting of 2,310 samples from 72 different tumor entities. In addition, YKL-40 protein expression was determined in primary mouse xenograft tumors derived from human cancer cell lines.!##!Results!#!YKL-40 could be detected in almost all cancer entities and was differently expressed depending on tumor stage and subtype (e.g., thyroid cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer and ovarian cancer). While YKL-40 was absent in in vitro grown human cancer cell lines, YKL-40 expression was upregulated in xenograft tumor tissues in vivo.!##!Conclusions!#!These data provide new insights into YKL-40 expression at the protein level in various tumor entities and its regulation in tumor models. Our data suggest that upregulation of YKL-40 expression is a common feature in vivo and is finely regulated by tumor cell-microenvironment interactions

    Detection of doxorubicin, cisplatin and therapeutic antibodies in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human cancer cells

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    A major limitation in the pharmacological treatment of clinically detectable primary cancers and their metastases is their limited accessibility to anti-cancer drugs (cytostatics, inhibitory antibodies, small-molecule inhibitors) critically impairing therapeutic efficacies. Investigations on the tissue distribution of such drugs are rare and have only been based on fresh frozen material or methanol-fixed cell culture cells so far. In this paper, we expand the detection of cisplatin-induced DNA adducts and anthracyclines as well as therapeutic antibodies to routinely prepared formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections (FFPE). Using pre-treated cell lines prepared as FFPE samples comparable to tissues from routine analysis, we demonstrate that our method allows for the detection of chemotherapeutics (anthracyclines by autofluorescence, cisplatin by immune detection of DNA adducts) as well as therapeutic antibodies. This methodology thus allows for analyzing archival FFPE tissues, as demonstrated here for the detection of cisplatin, doxorubicin and trastuzumab in FFPE sections of tumor xenografts from drug-treated mice. Analyzing human tumor samples, this will lead to new insights into the tissue penetration of drugs

    Age-Related Differences in Cardiac Autonomic Control at Resting State and in Response to Mental Stress

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    Our goal was to investigate age-related differences in cardiac autonomic control by means of heart rate variability (HRV). For this purpose, 30 healthy older and 34 younger adults were studied during three different conditions: (i) during resting state, (ii) during the execution of two cognitive tasks, and (iii) during the subsequent recovery phase. Mean heart rate and HRV parameters were higher in younger compared to older participants during all three conditions. While the mean heart rate was higher in older adults during the cognitive tasks compared to the resting state, it did not change in younger adults. In contrast, the change in HRV during the three conditions did not differ between age groups. Our results suggest decreased parasympathetic activity reflecting declined cardiac autonomic control with aging. In conclusion, HRV analysis could support the assessment of normal age-related alterations in cardiac autonomic control at resting state and in response to cognitive demands

    Wissen zum Schweizer Hochschul- und Wissenschaftsraum - Positionspapier REHES

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    Zur Relevanz von Forschung zu Hochschulen und Wissenschaft: Die Bedeutung von Hochschulen und der von ihnen erfüllten gesellschaftlichen Leistungen in Forschung und Bildung hat in den letzten Jahrzehnten nochmals erheblich zugenommen. Der gesellschaftliche «Nutzen» von Hochschulen spielt eine zunehmend wichtigere Rolle und die Interaktionen zwischen gesellschaftlichen Akteuren und Hochschulen nehmen zu. Diese Entwicklungen führen zu einem quantitativen und qualitativen Wachstum sowie zu internen Wandlungsprozessen in Hochschulorganisationen und dem Wissenschaftssystem. Im Rahmen solcher tiefgreifenden Veränderungen gewinnt wissenschaftlich fundiertes Wissen über Strukturen, Akteure und Prozesse in Hochschulen und Wissenschaft stark an Relevanz. Besonders für Hochschulen selbst aber auch für Stakeholder in ihrer Umwelt, leistet robustes Wissen über komplexe Sachverhalte und Entwicklungen in Hochschulen und der Wissenschaft eine wichtige Orientierungsfunktion und bietet wesentliche Entscheidungsgrundlagen. Im Ausland hat dies zur Ausdifferenzierung eines interdisziplinären Forschungszweigs geführt. Insofern erstaunt es, dass die Schweiz durch eine sehr geringe Institutionalisierung dieses Forschungszweigs charakterisiert ist. Stärkere Institutionalisierung des Austauschs von Forschenden: Das Ziel der Initiative «Research on Higher Education and Science in Switzerland» (REHES) besteht deshalb darin, Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler, die sich aus unterschiedlichen disziplinären Perspektiven mit Hochschulen und Wissenschaft befassen, stärker miteinander zu vernetzen und in einen stärkeren Austausch zu bringen. Ausserdem sollen auch relevante Stakeholder in diesen Austausch einbezogen werden, um einerseits Einsichten der Forschung in relevante Handlungsfelder wie Hochschulmanagement oder Forschungspolitik zu vermitteln, andererseits aber auch, um Fragen aus diesen Feldern in die Forschung einzuspeisen. Thematische Forschungslinien und Institutionalisierungsformen: Um den Austausch der Forschung zu Hochschulen und Wissenschaft in der Schweiz stärker zu institutionalisieren, braucht es zum einen konsensfähige thematische Forschungslinien, an denen sich zukünftige Forschung orientieren kann, und die international anschlussfähig ist. Es wird vorgeschlagen, den Fokus auf vier verschiedene Ebenen zu legen und diese auch in ihrem Wechselspiel zu untersuchen: Wissensgesellschaft, Hochschulsystem, Hochschulorganisation und Hochschulangehörige. Auf allen Ebenen sollen Strukturen und Prozesse sowie deren Voraussetzungen und Outcomes untersucht werden. Zum anderen bedarf es Vorschläge, wie der Austausch vor allem innerhalb der wissenschaftlichen Community organisiert werden kann. Um die Adressierbarkeit der wissenschaftlichen Gemeinschaft für Stakeholder zu erleichtern und auch handlungsrelevantes Wissen verfügbar zu machen, bedarf es einer Schnittstelle zwischen diesen beiden Akteursgruppen. Drei Varianten, die diese Zielsetzungen erfolgen, werden im Papier ausgeführt: Netzwerk REHES, Fachgesellschaft REHES und Arbeitskreis REHES in bestehender Fachgesellschaft. Sowohl die thematischen Forschungslinien als auch die Institutionalisierungsformen basieren auf Diskussionen mit Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftlern, die sich mit diesem Forschungsfeld befassen, als auch mit Stakeholdern der Schweizer Hochschul- und Wissenschaftslandschaft

    Salvage Chemotherapy with Cisplatin, Ifosfamide, and Paclitaxel in Aggressive Variant of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

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    Significant progress has been achieved in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, results in patients with aggressive variant prostate cancer (AVPC) have been disappointing. Here, we report retrospectively collected data from intensively pretreated AVPC patients (n = 17; 88.2% visceral metastases; 82% elevation of neuroendocrine markers) treated with salvage chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin, ifosfamide, and paclitaxel (TIP). At the interim analysis, 60% of patients showed radiographic response or stable disease (PFS = 2.5 months; OS = 6 months). In men who responded to chemotherapy, an OS > 15 months was observed. Preclinical analyses confirmed the high activity of the TIP regimen, especially in docetaxel-resistant prostate cancer cells. This effect was primarily mediated by increased cisplatin sensitivity in the emergence of taxane resistance. Proteomic and functional analyses identified a lower DNA repair capacity and cell cycle machinery deficiency to be causative. In contrast, paclitaxel showed inconsistent effects, partially antagonizing cisplatin and ifosfamide in some AVPC models. Consequently, paclitaxel has been excluded from the TIP combination for future patients. In summary, we report for the first time the promising efficacy of TIP as salvage therapy in AVPC. Our preclinical data indicate a pivotal role for cisplatin in overcoming docetaxel resistance
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