Shifted limited-memory variable metric methods for large-scale unconstrained optimization

AbstractA new family of numerically efficient full-memory variable metric or quasi-Newton methods for unconstrained minimization is given, which give simple possibility to derive related limited-memory methods. Global convergence of the methods can be established for convex sufficiently smooth functions. Numerical experience by comparison with standard methods is encouraging

Automatic differentiation and its program realization

summary:Automatic differentiation is an effective method for evaluating derivatives of function, which is defined by a formula or a program. Program for evaluating of value of function is by automatic differentiation modified to program, which also evaluates values of derivatives. Computed values are exact up to computer precision and their evaluation is very quick. In this article, we describe a program realization of automatic differentiation. This implementation is prepared in the system UFO, but its principles can be applied in other systems. We describe, how the operations are stored in the first part of the derivative computation and how the obtained records are effectively used in the second part of the computation

Mechanismy regulace exprese genů pro ornitin transkarbamylázu a beta-glukocerebrosidázu a jejich význam v diagnostice

4 Abstrakt Konečná diagnóza d dičných metabolických poruch je obvykle určena na základ vyšet ení enzymové aktivity (což je mnohdy komplikované) a/nebo za pomoci molekulárn genetického vyšet ení. Výsledky standardní mutační analýzy však mohou být n kdy zavád jící, zejména v p ípad rozsáhlých reorganizací na úrovni chromozomu či u mutací v regulačních oblastech. P edkládaná práce je zam ena na charakterizaci komplexních mutací v genu pro ornitin transkarbamylázu (OTC), studium regulačních oblastí OTC a genu pro β-galaktozidázu (GBA). V rámci studie provedené na souboru čítajícím 37 pacient s kongenitální hyperamonémií II. typu (OTCD) bylo identifikováno a charakterizováno 14 nových mutací včetn t í rozsáhlých delecí. Byl zaznamenán i p ípad symptomatické heterozygotky pro hypomorfní mutaci p.R129H, u níž byl fenotyp OTCD z ejm podmín n posunem v X-inaktivaci ve prosp ch mutované alely. Nález byl podložen sledováním nevýhodné X-inaktivace ve t ech r zných periferních tkáních. Za účelem prov ení patogenity promotorové variace c.-366A>G v OTC nalezené v jedné rodin s mírným fenotypem OTCD byly identifikovány t i alternativní počátky transkripce (PT) a vymezen promotor lidského OTC. Transkripční aktivita promotoru, stejn tak jako aktivita nov nalezeného distálního enhanceru, byla ov ena funkční esejí. Výsledky...5 Abstract Definitive diagnosis of inherited metabolic disorders commonly depends on the measurement of enzyme activity (which is often complicated) and/or molecular genetic testing. Yet even the standard mutation analysis can bring false negative results in the case of gross chromosomal rearrangements or incorrect regulation of gene expression due to the mutations in regulatory regions. In the present study I focused on characterization of complex mutations affecting the gene encoding ornithin transcarbamylase (OTC) followed by studies of regulatory regions of OTC and GBA (the gene encoding β-glucocerebrosidase). In the first study we identified 14 novel mutations including three large deletions in a cohort of 37 patients with OTC deficiency (OTCD). Subsequently we evaluated clinical significance of all these mutations. We also found a heterozygote carrying a hypomorphic mutation and manifesting OTCD most likely due to unfavorable X-inactivation which was observed independently in three different peripheral tissues. In order to evaluate the clinical significance of a promoter variation c.-366A>G found in a family with mild OTCD we identified three alternative transcription start sites (TSSs) of human OTC and delimited the promoter. We also found a distal enhancer and performed functional analysis of both...First Faculty of Medicine1. lékařská fakult