Morphological characteristics of a triploid, diploid representative and <i>C</i>. <i>carassius</i>.

<p>Morphological characteristics of a triploid, diploid representative and <i>C</i>. <i>carassius</i>.</p

Morphologically indistinguishable hybrid <i>Carassius</i> female with 156 chromosomes: A threat for the threatened crucian carp, <i>C</i>. <i>carassius</i>, L - Fig 8

<p>Alternative hypothetical scenarios for the origin of a triploid hybrid female with 156 chromosomes, together with the genomes of <i>C</i>. <i>gibelio</i> (A) and <i>C</i>. <i>carassius</i> (B). Scenario A) Genome addition hypothesis. Scenario B) Spontaneous allotriploid origin. Capital letters “A” and “B” denote somatic genome; lowercase letters “a” and “b” show gamete chromosome complement (both egg and spermatozoa). Asterisk marks unusual number of chromosomes in the egg. 56/106 chromosomes instead of 50/100 in female gametes, respectively, might be caused by unequal chromosome segregation during meiosis II.</p

Reconstructed <i>Carassius</i> phylogeny of the mitochondrial cyt <i>b</i> and nuclear S7 sequences.

<p>Topologies of phylogenetic trees follow BAY analysis graphical outline. Numbers at the nodes represent statistical support for BAY and MP analyses, respectively. Bootstrap supports below 50 and Bayesian posterior probabilities below 0.75 are not shown. Sequences of the analysed individuals: hybrid female (CCAHe1Fi) and male (CCAHe2Fi) are highlighted by the grey and white rectangles, respectively.</p

28S rDNA FISH.

<p>(A, C) Chromosomes counterstained by DAPI; B&W. 28S rDNA probe showing four signals; red, both on (B) CCAHe1Fi female and (D) CCAHe2Fi male. 28S rDNA FISH signals are indicated by arrows. Scale bars = 10 μm.</p

List of <i>Carassius</i> samples included in molecular phylogenetic analyses.

<p>List of <i>Carassius</i> samples included in molecular phylogenetic analyses.</p

Karyotype of the CCAHe2Fi male with 100 chromosomes with 18 5S rDNA signals.

<p>Two strong on <i>sm</i>, two weak on <i>sm</i> and 14 signals on <i>st-a</i> chromosomes, DAPI (blue) and FITC filter (green). All nine chromosome pairs are highlighted by asterisks. Scale bar = 10 μm.</p

Additional file 2: of All-male hybrids of a tetrapod Pelophylax esculentus share its origin and genetics of maintenance

Table S2. DNA microsatellite data file for the 17 loci used in the study. (PDF 996 kb

Additional file 1: Figure S1-S3. of Is premeiotic genome elimination an exclusive mechanism for hemiclonal reproduction in hybrid males of the genus Pelophylax?

Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) on mitotic (1) and meiotic (2, 3) chromosomes of Pelophylax esculentus males showing several types of experimental artefacts and failures. 1) Unsuccessful differentiation of parental chromosomes: note the apparent accumulation of probes on the edges/surface of chromosomes, possibly due to over fixed gonadal tissues used for chromosome spreads. 2) Inconclusive hybridization pattern: note equal hybridization intensity of both genome-derived probes. 3) Week hybridization pattern, insufficient for differentiation of parental chromosomes. Lessonae-derived genomic probes were labelled with biotin-16-dUTP and hybridization signals detected with Streptavidin-FITC (green) (1a, 2a, 3a), ridibundus-derived genomic probes (b) with digoxigenin-11-dUTP and Anti-Digoxigenin-Rhodamine (red) (1b, 2b, 3b). Figures 1c, 2c, 3c show merged images of both genomic probes, figures 1d, 2d, 3d merged images of both probes and DAPI staining of chromosomes (blue). Scale bar = 10 μm. (TIF 2427 kb

Additional file 6: of All-male hybrids of a tetrapod Pelophylax esculentus share its origin and genetics of maintenance

Figure S1: Phylogenetic tree of DA distance of 10 microsatellite loci reconstructed in Populations (method UPGMA, 7 000 replicates, shown only bootstraps above 50 %, distance scale). One terminal branch represents one individual: Green color – P. lessonae, yellow color - L genome from P. esculentus, red colour – P. ridibundus, blue color – R genome from P. esculentus, violet color – P. kurtmuelleri. (JPEG 3388 kb

Additional file 5: of All-male hybrids of a tetrapod Pelophylax esculentus share its origin and genetics of maintenance

Table S5. Summary statistics of microsatellite alleles found in P. lessonae, P. ridibundus, and P. esculentus from the R-E system. (PDF 317 kb