Piezo-force and vibration analysis of ZnO nanowire arrays for sensor application

To estimate the potential of ZnO nanostructures for force sensing applications, arrays of single nanowires and arrays of nanowire bundles have been fabricated by wet chemical growth method. The piezoelectrical and electrical properties of the single nanowires have been investigated by atomic force microscopy based techniques. The piezoelectric constant d(33) = 15 pm/V has been determined from vibration analyses. The electrical response in the range up to 400 fA upon applying force between 40 nN and 1 mu N has been recorded. The nanowire bundles were studied by electro-mechanical macro probing technique within the force range 1 - 10 mN, where a reproducible response in pA range has been measured

Design and Analysis of a Bandwidth Aware Adaptive Multipath N-Channel Routing Protocol for 5G Internet of Things (IoT)

Large numbers of mobile wireless nodes that can move randomly and join or leave the network at any moment make up mobile ad-hoc networks. A significant number of messages are delivered during information exchange in populated regions because of the Internet of Things' (IoT) exponential increase in connected devices. Congestion can increase transmission latency and packet loss by causing congestion. More network size, increased network traffic, and high mobility that necessitate dynamic topology make this problem worse. An adaptive Multipath Multichannel Energy Efficient (AMMEE) routing strategy is proposed in this study, in which route selection strategies depend on forecasted energy consumption per packet, available bandwidth, queue length, and channel utilization. While multichannel uses a channel-ideal assignment process to lessen network collisions, multipath offers various paths and balances network strain. The link bandwidth is split up into a few sub-channels in the multichannel mechanism. To reduce network collisions, several source nodes simultaneously access the channel bandwidth. The cooperative multipath multichannel technique offers several paths from a single source or from several sources to the destination without colliding or becoming congested. The AMMEE routing approach is the basis for path selection. A load- and bandwidth-aware routing mechanism in the proposed AMMEE chooses the path based on node energy and forecasts their lifetime, which improves network dependability. The outcome demonstrates a comparative analysis of various multichannel medium access control (MMAC) techniques, including Parallel Rendezvous Multi Channel Medium Access Protocol (PRMMAC), Quality of Service Ad hoc On Demand Multipath Distance Vector (QoS-AOMDV), Q-learning-based Multipath Routing (QMR), and Topological Change Adaptive Ad hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector (TA-AOMDV) and the proposed AMMEE method. The results show that the AMMEE approach outperforms alternative systems. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-01-018 Full Text: PD

Entretien avec Georges Lukàcs. La spontanéité des masses et le Parti

Bourdet Yvon, Lukàcs Georges. Entretien avec Georges Lukàcs. La spontanéité des masses et le Parti . In: Autogestion et socialisme : études, débats, documents, N°16-17, 1971. Autogestion et syndicats. pp. 3-14

Pseudorabies virus avirulent strains fail to express a major glycoprotein

The unique short (Us) region of the pseudorabies virus (PRV) genome, which displays high transcriptional activity during the late phase of infection and has been found to code for glycoproteins, is partially deleted in the genomes of three vaccine strains (A57, Norden, and NIA-4). This deletion is located in the SalI subfragment 7A of BamHI fragment 7. To identify possible viral gene products involved in PRV virulence, we investigated the transcriptional and translational pattern of the deleted part of the Us region. Northern blots demonstrated that one major RNA species (3.8 kilobases) transcribed from fragment 7A was missing in the vaccine strains, whereas other transcripts were altered. Radioimmunoprecipitation of in vivo-labeled PRV glycoproteins and of in vitro-translated polypeptides with hyperimmune serum and monoclonal antibodies indicated a lack of glycoprotein gI. Hybrid-selection experiments with subcloned DNA fragments confirmed the absence of gI and of a 40,000-molecular-weight polypeptide. We suggest that both viral proteins are involved in the expression of PRV virulence.</jats:p

Localization and identification of thin oil layers using a slim-borehole nuclear magnetic resonance tool

In the recent years, slim-borehole nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tools, designed for shallow hydrogeological applications, have become available. We have developed and improved the performance of one of them to detect and characterize hydrocarbon contamination. Our objectives were (1) to generally increase the vertical resolution of NMR logs below the instrumental resolution to detect thin layers and (2) to study the feasibility of using these tools to distinguish fluids (i.e., oil and water) using NMR diffusion measurements. To increase the vertical resolution, we have jointly inverted measurements made with overlapping sensitive volumes. We have developed an example in which a thin layer of 10 cm was successfully resolved. Using this approach, the instrumental resolution of the probe (50 cm) can be increased at the cost of additional measurement time. To differentiate and quantify the water and oil phases based on their contrast in diffusion coefficient, we have used a Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill pulse sequence with varying echo spacings. We have found that, due to the low magnetic gradient of the probe, diffusion coefficients [Formula: see text] were difficult to resolve. Therefore, hydrocarbons with low diffusion coefficients, e.g., crude or rapeseed oil, cannot be uniquely identified, but can be quantified and clearly distinguished from water. Hydrocarbons with higher diffusion coefficients, e.g., diesel, kerosene, and gasoline, can be unambiguously identified based on their diffusion coefficient but may be difficult to distinguish from water. We have combined both approaches, enabling NMR logging to be used for fluid identification with increased vertical resolution. We have evaluated the performance of the measurement and inversion schemes using a controlled experimental setup consisting of a rapeseed oil layer on top of water in a tank. </jats:p

Pseudorabies virus avirulent strains fail to express a major glycoprotein

The unique short (Us) region of the pseudorabies virus (PRV) genome, which displays high transcriptional activity during the late phase of infection and has been found to code for glycoproteins, is partially deleted in the genomes of three vaccine strains (A57, Norden, and NIA-4). This deletion is located in the SalI subfragment 7A of BamHI fragment 7. To identify possible viral gene products involved in PRV virulence, we investigated the transcriptional and translational pattern of the deleted part of the Us region. Northern blots demonstrated that one major RNA species (3.8 kilobases) transcribed from fragment 7A was missing in the vaccine strains, whereas other transcripts were altered. Radioimmunoprecipitation of in vivo-labeled PRV glycoproteins and of in vitro-translated polypeptides with hyperimmune serum and monoclonal antibodies indicated a lack of glycoprotein gI. Hybrid-selection experiments with subcloned DNA fragments confirmed the absence of gI and of a 40,000-molecular-weight polypeptide. We suggest that both viral proteins are involved in the expression of PRV virulence

Demonstration of three major species of pseudorabies virus glycoproteins and identification of a disulfide-linked glycoprotein complex

The glycoproteins of pseudorabies virus (PRV) Phylaxia were characterized with monoclonal antibodies as specific reagents. Three major structural glycoproteins with molecular weights of 155,000 (155K) (gC), 122K (gA), and 90K (gB) could be identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nonreducing conditions. We investigated the processing of glycoproteins gA, gB, and gC by in vitro translation, pulse-chase experiments, and in the presence of the ionophore monensin which inhibits glycosylation. gA and gB were found to compose a single polypeptide, whereas gC was found to be a disulfide-linked glycoprotein complex. Immunoprecipitates formed with the aid of anti-gC monoclonal antibodies gave rise to three glycoprotein bands (gC0 [120K], gC1 [67K], and gC2 [58K]) by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions. Limited proteolysis of gC0, gC1, and gC2 resulted in peptide maps of gC0 related to those of both gC1 and gC2. No common peptide bands between gC1 and gC2, however, were seen. We suggest that (i) gC1 and gC2 arise by proteolytic cleavage from the same precursor molecule and stay joined via disulfide bridges and (ii) gC0 is an uncleaved precursor.</jats:p