Artefatos biológicos no EEG quantitativo Biologic artifacts in quantitative EEG

Estudamos, em 10 indivíduos adultos normais, o comportamento de cinco artefatos biológicos do eletrencefalograma (EEG): piscamento palpebral, fechamento forçado dos olhos, fechamento forçado da mandíbula, movimentos de língua e varredura horizontal dos olhos - tanto por análise visual como espectral - tanto com objetivo de verificar como esses artefatos são visualizados quando apresentados em mapas de potência da amplitude espectral. Observamos que os potenciais do espectro respeitavam a mesma disposição topográfica que os encontrados à análise visual do traçado. A análise visual do EEG é superior à quantitativa, para o reconhecimento de artefatos, porque preserva a visualização morfológica dos grafoelementos que deve ser feita obrigatoriamente no domínio do tempo, pois a sua correta identificação se perde no domínio da frequência. Devido a grande dificuldade de excluirmos totalmente os artefatos durante o registro do EEG e, por conseguinte, serem incluídos na análise quantitativa, é fundamental conhecermos como estes potenciais serão representados nos mapas quantitativos, para podermos identifica-los, evitando confundí-los com atividades patológicas do EEG.<br>We studied the influence of five biologic artifacts sources on quantitative EEG (blinking, forced eyes closure, forced jaw closure, tongue movements and pursuit eyes movements) through both visual and spectral analysis, with the purpose of verifying how do these artifacts can be seen in a cartographic way. We found that the spectrum’s potencials showed the same topographic display that was found through visual analysis. Visual analysis was superior than the quantitative evaluation to recognise the artifacts, as the former preserved the morphological display of the paroxisms. However it is important know how do the potencials are represented in quantitative maps, so that they can be identified as artifacts and not as pathologic EEG activity

Effects of Methylphenidate on performance of a practical pistol shooting task: a quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The present study examined absolute alpha power using quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) in bilateral temporal and parietal cortices in novice soldiers under the influence of methylphenidate (MPH) during the preparatory aiming period in a practical pistol-shooting task. We anticipated higher bi-hemispheric cortical activation in the preparatory period relative to pre-shot baseline in the methylphenidate group when compared with the control group because methylphenidate has been shown to enhance task-related cognitive functions.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Twenty healthy, novice soldiers were equally distributed in control (CG; n = 10) and MPH groups 10 mg (MG; n = 10) using a randomized, double blind design. Subjects performed a pistol-shooting task while electroencephalographic activity was acquired.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We found main effects for group and practice blocks on behavioral measures, and interactions between group and phases on electroencephalographic measures for the electrodes T3, T4, P3 and P4. Regarding the behavioral measures, the MPH group demonstrated significantly poorer in shooting performance when compared with the control and, in addition, significant increases in the scores over practice blocks were found on both groups. In addition, regarding the electroencephalographic data, we observed a significant increase in alpha power over practice blocks, but alpha power was significantly lower for the MPH group when compared with the placebo group. Moreover, we observed a significant decrease in alpha power in electrodes T4 and P4 during PTM.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Although we found no correlation between behavioral and EEG data, our findings show that MPH did not prevent the learning of the task in healthy subjects. However, during the practice blocks (PBs) it also did not favor the performance when compared with control group performance. It seems that the CNS effects of MPH demanded an initial readjustment period of integrated operations relative to the sensorimotor system. In other words, MPH seems to provoke a period of initial instability due to a possible modulation in neural activity, which can be explained by lower levels of alpha power (i.e., higher cortical activity). However, after the end of the PB₁ a new stabilization was established in neural circuits, due to repetition of the task, resulting higher cortical activity during the task. In conclusion, MPH group performance was not initially superior to that of the control group, but eventually exceeded it, albeit without achieving statistical significance.</p