chemical composition antioxidant antimicrobial and anti inflammatory activity of prunus spinosa l fruit ethanol extract

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Fitting of nickel(II) ion into two 14-membered tetraaza macrocycles. Blue-to-yellow conversion and the oxidation and reduction behavior

The novel satd. tetraaza macrocycle isocyclam (I) was prepd. and the behavior of its Ni(II) complexes, which contain a 5,5,6,6 sequence of chelate rings, was compared with that of corresponding complexes of cyclam (II) (sequence: 5,6,5,6). These complexes exist in soln. as a mixt. of blue, octahedral, high-spin and yellow, planar, low-spin species; the thermodn. parameters for the blue-to-yellow conversion depend upon the cyclic nature of the ligand. In analogy with Ni(cyclam)2+, Ni(isocyclam)2+ undergoes 1-electron oxidn. and redn. processes at a Pt electrode in MeCN. The easier redn. and more difficult oxidn. of both blue and yellow 5,5,6,6 complexes with respect to the 5,6,5,6 analogs are related to the differences in the in-plane Ni-N interaction parameters, as inferred from electronic spectra. General redox behavior of Ni(II) complexes with tetraaza macrocycles was reconsidered and a linear correlation between oxidn. and redn. potentials is presented

Marine bisindole alkaloid 2,2-bis(6-bromo-3-indolyl)ethylamine to control and prevent fungal growth on building material: a potential antifungal agent

The potential antifungal activity of the marine alkaloid 2,2-bis(6-bromo-3-indolyl)ethylamine (URB 1204) was firstly assessed by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) against different fungi. Then, URB 1204 was applied to a building material experimentally contaminated with selected fungi, in single and mixed species, for determining its potential application in preventing fungal growth. In addition, the over-time protection efficacy of URB 1204 was verified, subjecting the treated building surfaces to natural fungal contamination for 6 weeks. URB 1204 showed different antifungal activity, with the lowest MIC value (16 μg/mL) observed against Aspergillus flavus IDRA01, Cladosporium cladosporioides ATCC 16022 and Mucor circinelloides EHS03, and the highest MIC (128 μg/mL) against the dermatophytes strains. The growth Alternaria alternata BC01, Penicillium citrinum LS1, and C. cladosporioides ATCC 16022 on building material treated with URB 1204 water solution (64 μg/mL) was remarkably reduced with an effect time-dependent and related to the examined fungi. In terms of over-time efficacy, the samples treated with URB 1204 showed a delay of fungal growth comparable with that of a commercial antifungal product. These findings evidenced not only the ability of 2,2-bis(6-bromo-3- indolyl)ethylamine to limit the growth of different fungal species on building material but also to provide long-term protection against mold growth and proliferation, opening new perspectives for URB 1204 as preventive agent

Microbial characteristics of marine sediments in bathing area along Pesaro-Gabicce coast (Italy)

Aims:The aim of the present work was to study the presence of human pathogen microorganisms in marine sediments at two bathing beaches and to compare the data obtained to grain size analyses of the sediments in order to observe any existing relationships between grain size and microbial charge Methods: The sediment samples were collected in two small bays along the central Adriatic coast, wherebreakwaters had been built for the purpose of halting marine erosion. Faecal contamination indicators, Salmonella and Vibrio species, enteric viruses were investigated using standard techniques for isolation and identification. The grain size was determined using calibrated sieves and _Sedigraph_ device. Results: The values of faecal contamination indices varied depending on the area and in some samples overstepped legislative limits. Salmonella was never found. Vibrio was found in several samples and a considerable presence of enteric viruses was registered. The micro-organisms were preferentially abundant in fine sediments. Conclusions: Marine sediments can represent an important reservoir of allochthonous and marine microorganisms and the microbial charge correlates with the characteristics of the sediments. There was not a correlation between allochthonous microorganisms such as Enterobacteriaceae and indigenous microorganisms such as Vibrio. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study indicates that in addition to the faecal contamination indicators and the specific pathogens provided for by the present Italian legislation, other biological indicators should be investigated. In addition, being marine sediments an important microbial reservoir, it is important to analyse them before defining the quality of coastal areas