643 research outputs found
Tracking intracavernously injected adipose-derived stem cells to bone marrow.
The intracavernous (i.c.) injection of stem cells (SCs) has been shown to improve erectile function in various erectile dysfunction (ED) animal models. However, the tissue distribution of the injected cells remains unknown. In this study we tracked i.c.-injected adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in various tissues. Rat paratesticular fat was processed for ADSC isolation and culture. The animals were then subject to cavernous nerve (CN) crush injury or sham operation, followed by i.c. injection of 1 million autologous or allogeneic ADSCs that were labeled with 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine (EdU). Another group of rats received i.c. injection of EdU-labeled allogeneic penile smooth muscle cells (PSMCs). At 2 and 7 days post injection, penises and femoral bone marrow were processed for histological analyses. Whole femoral bone marrows were also analyzed for EdU-positive cells by flow cytometry. The results show that ADSCs exited the penis within days of i.c. injection and migrated preferentially to bone marrow. Allogenicity did not affect the bone marrow appearance of ADSCs at either 2 or 7 days, whereas CN injury reduced the number of ADSCs in bone marrow significantly at 7 but not 2 days. The significance of these results in relation to SC therapy for ED is discussed
Quantum diffusion of microcavity solitons
Coherently pumped (Kerr) solitons in an ideal optical microcavity are expected to undergo random quantum motion that determines fundamental performance limits in applications of the soliton microcombs. Here this random walk and its impact on Kerr soliton timing jitter are studied experimentally. The quantum limit is discerned by measuring the relative position of counter-propagating solitons. Their relative motion features weak interactions and also presents common-mode suppression of technical noise, which typically hides the quantum fluctuations. This is in contrast to co-propagating solitons, which are found to have relative timing jitter well below the quantum limit of a single soliton on account of strong correlation of their mutual motion. Good agreement is found between theory and experiment. The results establish the fundamental limits to timing jitter in soliton microcombs and provide new insights on multisoliton physics
Matter loops corrected modified gravity in Palatini formulation
Recently, corrections to the standard Einstein-Hilbert action are proposed to
explain the current cosmic acceleration in stead of introducing dark energy. In
the Palatini formulation of those modified gravity models, there is an
important observation due to Arkani-Hamed: matter loops will give rise to a
correction to the modified gravity action proportional to the Ricci scalar of
the metric. In the presence of such term, we show that the current forms of
modified gravity models in Palatini formulation, specifically, the 1/R gravity
and gravity, will have phantoms. Then we study the possible
instabilities due to the presence of phantom fields. We show that the strong
instability in the metric formulation of 1/R gravity indicated by Dolgov and
Kawasaki will not appear and the decay timescales for the phantom fields may be
long enough for the theories to make sense as effective field theory . On the
other hand, if we change the sign of the modification terms to eliminate the
phantoms, some other inconsistencies will arise for the various versions of the
modified gravity models. Finally, we comment on the universal property of the
Palatini formulation of the matter loops corrected modified gravity models and
its implications.Comment: 11 pages, 1 figures, References adde
Quantum diffusion of microcavity solitons
Coherently pumped (Kerr) solitons in an ideal optical microcavity are expected to undergo random quantum motion that determines fundamental performance limits in applications of the soliton microcombs. Here this random walk and its impact on Kerr soliton timing jitter are studied experimentally. The quantum limit is discerned by measuring the relative position of counter-propagating solitons. Their relative motion features weak interactions and also presents common-mode suppression of technical noise, which typically hides the quantum fluctuations. This is in contrast to co-propagating solitons, which are found to have relative timing jitter well below the quantum limit of a single soliton on account of strong correlation of their mutual motion. Good agreement is found between theory and experiment. The results establish the fundamental limits to timing jitter in soliton microcombs and provide new insights on multisoliton physics
Reconstructing the primordial power spectrum - a new algorithm
We propose an efficient and model independent method for reconstructing the
primordial power spectrum from Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and large
scale structure observations. The algorithm is based on a Monte Carlo principle
and therefore very simple to incorporate into existing codes such as Markov
Chain Monte Carlo. The algorithm has been used on present cosmological data to
test for features in the primordial power spectrum. No significant evidence for
features is found, although there is a slight preference for an overall bending
of the spectrum, as well as a decrease in power at very large scales. We have
also tested the algorithm on mock high precision CMB data, calculated from
models with non-scale invariant primordial spectra. The algorithm efficiently
extracts the underlying spectrum, as well as the other cosmological parameters
in each case. Finally we have used the algorithm on a model where an artificial
glitch in the CMB spectrum has been imposed, like the ones seen in the WMAP
data. In this case it is found that, although the underlying cosmological
parameters can be extracted, the recovered power spectrum can show significant
spurious features, such as bending, even if the true spectrum is scale
invariant.Comment: 22 pages, 12 figures, matches JCAP published versio
Quantum diffusion of microcavity solitons
Coherently-pumped (Kerr) solitons in an ideal optical microcavity are
expected to undergo random quantum motion that determines fundamental
performance limits in applications of soliton microcombs. Here, this diffusive
motion and its impact on Kerr soliton timing jitter is studied experimentally.
Typically hidden below technical noise contributions, the quantum limit is
discerned by measuring counter-propagating solitons. Their relative motion
features only weak interactions and also presents excellent common mode
suppression of technical noise. This is in strong contrast to co-propagating
solitons which are found to have relative timing jitter well below the quantum
limit of a single soliton on account of strong mutual motion correlation. Good
agreement is found between theory and experiment. The results establish the
fundamental limits to timing jitter in soliton microcombs and provide new
insights on multi-soliton physic
Cosmological Evolution in 1/R-Gravity Theory
Recently, corrections of the type to Einstein-Hilbert action that
become important at small curvature are proposed. Those type of models intend
to explain the observed cosmic acceleration without dark energy. We derive the
full Modified Friedmann equation in the Palatini formulation of those modified
gravity model of the type. Then, we discuss various cosmological
predictions of the Modified Friedmann equation.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in Class.Quant.Gra
Palatini formulation of the modified gravity with an additionally squared scalar curvature term
In this paper by deriving the Modified Friedmann equation in the Palatini
formulation of gravity, first we discuss the problem of whether in
Palatini formulation an additional term in Einstein's General Relativity
action can drive an inflation. We show that the Palatini formulation of
gravity cannot lead to the gravity-driven inflation as in the metric formalism.
If considering no zero radiation and matter energy densities, we obtain that
only under rather restrictive assumption about the radiation and matter energy
densities there will be a mild power-law inflation , which is
obviously different from the original vacuum energy-like driven inflation. Then
we demonstrate that in the Palatini formulation of a more generally modified
gravity, i.e., the model that intends to explain both the current
cosmic acceleration and early time inflation, accelerating cosmic expansion
achieved at late Universe evolution times under the model parameters satisfying
.Comment: 14 pages, accepted for publication by CQ
The conformal frame freedom in theories of gravitation
It has frequently been claimed in the literature that the classical physical
predictions of scalar tensor theories of gravity depend on the conformal frame
in which the theory is formulated. We argue that this claim is false, and that
all classical physical predictions are conformal-frame invariants. We also
respond to criticisms by Vollick [gr-qc/0312041], in which this issue arises,
of our recent analysis of the Palatini form of 1/R gravity.Comment: 9 pages, no figures, revtex; final published versio
Generalised second law of thermodynamics for interacting dark energy in the DGP brane world
In this paper, we investigate the validity of the generalized second law of
thermodynamics (GSLT) in the DGP brane world when universe is filled with
interacting two fluid system: one in the form of cold dark matter and other is
holographic dark energy. The boundary of the universe is assumed to be enclosed
by the dynamical apparent horizon or the event horizon. The universe is chosen
to be homogeneous and isotropic FRW model and the validity of the first law has
been assumed here
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