Demographics, clinical and MRI findings and EBV parameters at baseline of patients and healthy controls analyzed in this study.

<p>Demographics, clinical and MRI findings and EBV parameters at baseline of patients and healthy controls analyzed in this study.</p

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Association of EBV parameters with radiological and clinical disease activity on follow-up.

<p>Association of EBV parameters with radiological and clinical disease activity on follow-up.</p

EBV antibodies in serum and DNA load in saliva and risk of conversion to CDMS.

<p>Risk of conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS; Kaplan-Meier curves) by tertiles of immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibodies to Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1, A) or viral capsid antigen (VCA, B) and presence or absence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in saliva (C).</p

Association of EBV parameters with radiological and clinical disease activity at baseline.

<p>Association of EBV parameters with radiological and clinical disease activity at baseline.</p

Demographic and clinical data of patients and healthy controls of which freshly isolated PBMCs were analyzed in this study.

<p>Demographic and clinical data of patients and healthy controls of which freshly isolated PBMCs were analyzed in this study.</p

Demographic and clinical data of patients and healthy controls of which previously frozen PBMCs were analyzed in this study.

<p>Demographic and clinical data of patients and healthy controls of which previously frozen PBMCs were analyzed in this study.</p

Examples of γ-H2AX and 53BP1 foci in PBMCs.

<p>(A) Multiple nuclear γ-H2AX foci (green) are clearly discernible in a lymphocyte of a healthy control. (B) Single 53BP1 focus (red) in a lymphocyte nucleus of a patient with RRMS. (C) Colocalization of nuclear γ-H2AX and 53BP1 foci in a lymphocyte of a healthy control. In the automated focus detection, the blue circle represents the DAPI stained nucleus. Small green and red circles highlight γ-H2AX and 53BP1 foci as automatically detected by the AKLIDES^® reading system. The system assigns distinct image (I) and object (O) numbers and indicates the number of foci detected in each fluorescence channel (FITC or APC). Note the difference in highlighted (n = 7) and counted (n = 6) γ-H2AX foci in (A), which is explained by a weaker focus fluorescence intensity not meeting the preset definitions for scoring of γ-H2AX foci.</p

γ-H2AX and 53BP1 levels in freshly isolated PBMCs of patients and healthy controls.

<p>(A) γ-H2AX foci per cell in patients with CIS/early RRMS and healthy controls. (B) Percentage of γ-H2AX positive cells in patients with CIS/early RRMS and healthy controls. (C) 53BP1 foci per cell in patients with CIS/early RRMS and healthy controls. (D) Percentage of 53BP1 positive cells in patients with CIS/early RRMS and healthy controls. Each data point represents the median of n = 6 separate measurements per individual. In each of the six separate measurements approximately n = 100 cells were scored. The horizontal bar indicates the median.</p