Perinatal hypoxia: different effects of the inhibitors of GABA transporters GAT1 and GAT3 on the initial velocity of [3H]GABA uptake by cortical, hippocampal, and thalamic nerve terminals

Aim To analyze the effects of highly selective blocker GAT1, NO-711, and substrate inhibitor GAT3, β-alanine, on the initial velocity of [3H]GABA uptake by cortical, hippocampal, and thalamic nerve terminals (synaptosomes) after perinatal hypoxia. Methods Animals were divided into two groups: control (n = 17) and hypoxia (n = 12). Rats in the hypoxia group underwent hypoxia and seizures (airtight chamber, 4% O2 and 96% N2) at the age of 10-12 postnatal days and were used in the experiments 8-9 weeks after hypoxia. Results In cortical synaptosomes, the effects of NO-711 (30 μΜ) and β-alanine (100 μΜ) on [3H]GABA uptake were similar in control and hypoxia groups. In hippocampal synaptosomes, NO-711 inhibited 84.3% of the initial velocity of [3H]GABA uptake in normal conditions and 80.1% after hypoxia, whereas the effect of β-alanine was increased after hypoxia from 14.4% to 22.1%. In thalamic synaptosomes, the effect of NO-711 was decreased by 79.6% in controls and by 70.9% in hypoxia group, whereas the effect of β-alanine was increased after hypoxia from 20.2% to 30.2%. Conclusions The effectiveness of β-alanine to influence GABA uptake was increased in hippocampal and thalamic nerve terminals as a result of perinatal hypoxia and the effectiveness of NO-711 in thalamic nerve terminals was decreased. These results may indicate changes in the ratio of active GAT1/GAT3 expressed in the plasma membrane of nerve terminals after perinatal hypoxia. We showed a possibility to modulate non-GAT1 GABA transporter activity in different brain regions by exogenous and endogenous β-alanin

ЯКОЮ МАЄ БУТИ УКРАЇНСЬКА НАЦІОНАЛЬНА ІДЕЯ?

The article deals with various approaches to understanding the national idea, analyzes different viewpoints of scientists and politicians on the notion of the national idea, its formation in different countries of the world. The authors draw attention to uncertainty of the parameters of the national idea, its correlation with the state ideology, the role of elites in the formation of the national idea. The problems and prospects of the formation of the national idea in Ukraine are studied; the content of the national idea is grounded. The reasons that complicate the process of forming the national idea at the present stage of the Ukrainian state development are discussed.В статье рассматриваются различные подходы к пониманию национальной идеи, анализируются различные точки зрения ученых, политиков на само понятие национальной идеи, ее формирование в разных странах мира. Авторы обращают внимание на неопределенность параметров национальной идеи, ее соотношение с государственной идеологией, роли элит в формировании национальной идеи. Исследуются проблемы и перспективы формирования национальной идеи в Украине, обосновывается содержательное наполнение национальной идеи. Рассматриваются причины, усложняющие процесс формирования национальной идеи на современном этапе развития  украинского государства.У статті розглядаються підходи до розуміння національної ідеї, аналізуються різні точки зору учених, політиків на поняття національної ідеї, її формування в різних країнах світу. Автори звертають увагу на невизначеність параметрів національної ідеї, її співвідношення до державної ідеології, ролі еліт у формуванні національної ідеї. Досліджуються проблеми та перспективи формування національної ідеї в Україні, обґрунтовується змістовне наповнення національної ідеї. Розглядаються причини, що ускладнюють процес формування національної ідеї на сучасному етапі розвитку української держави

Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea in young women after 6.5 years of therapy giant prolactinoma with Cabergolin

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak is a rare complication in of the prolactinomas treatment with dopamine agonists. In most cases CSF leak develops within the first three months of treatment starting. The article presents a rare clinical case later development of CSF leak after pharmacological treatment of giant prolactinoma. Women 29 years with giant endo-supra-infra-laterasellar pituitary adenoma (8,7 cm in diameter), visual impairment, cachexia, secondary amenorrhea and prolactin level more than 2 million 200 thousand mU/l treated with cabergoline. On this background, complete regression of the tumor, recovery of visual function, body mass and normalization of prolactin level was marked. Nevertheless, after 6.5 years after beginning of cabergoline therapy CSF leak occured, which required endoscopic endonasal surgery with the plastic of a CSF fistula. All patients with large and giant prolactinomas which invade into skull base structures, receiving cabergoline even for a long time, should be aware of the possibility of such complications as CSF leak and, if necessary, should urgent appeals to the otolaryngologist and the neurosurgeon. In this case closure of skull base defect is a main tactics of treatment